Autologous Adrenal Medullary, Fetal Mesencephalic, and Fetal Adrenal Brain Transplantation in Parkinson's Disease: A Long-Term Postoperative Follow-Up

We report on the clinical status of 5 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) 3 years after autologous adrenal medullary (AM)-to-caudate nucleus (CN) implanfion, and of 2 PD patients, 2 years after fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM)- and fetal adrenal (A)-to-CN homotransplantation. Current clinical evaluation of 4 of the AM grafted patients revealed sustained bilateral amelioration of their PD signs, most notably of rgidity, postural imbalance and gait disturbances, resulting in a substantial improvement in their quality of life. the disease-related dystonia of one of them disappeared only 2 years after surgery. The levodopa requirements of 2 of these patients and the anticholinergic therapy of another have been reduced. In agreement with the satisfactory clinical evaluation of these 4 patients, their neuropsychological and electrophysiological improvements, initially registered 3 months after surgery, have been maintained for 3 years. After 1 year of significant recovery, the 5th patient of this group has almost returned to her preoperative state

Detección y expresión de SapS, una fosfatasa ácida no específica clase C con actividad de o-fosfo-tirosina-fosfatasa en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus de pacientes con osteomielitis crónica

Introduction. The identity of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors involved in chronic osteomyelitis remains unresolved.SapS, Class C” Non-Specific Acid Phosphatase (NSAP, known virulence factors) was identified in S. aureus 154 from rotting vegetables.Objective. SapS, Class “C” Non-Specific Acid Phosphatase (NSAP, known virulence factors) was identified in S. aureus 154 from rotting vegetables.Materials and methods. sapS gene was isolated and sequenced from 12 clinical isolates of S. aureus and two reference strains; 49 S. aureus strains and 11 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were tested by in silico PCR. Culture media semi-purified protein extracts from the clinical strains were assayed for phosphatase activity with p-nitro-phenyl-phosphate (p-NPP), and o-phospho-L-tyrosine (o-p-L-tyrosine), o-p-L-serine, and o-p-L-threonine, testing them with various phosphatase inhibitors.Results. sapS gene was detected in clinical and in silico S. aureus tested strains but not the in silico CoNS strains. Sec-type I lipoprotein-type N-terminal signal peptide sequences characteristic of S. aureus secreted proteins and aspartate bipartite catalytic domains coding sequences were found by sapS gene nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis. SapS dephosphorylated p-NPP and o-p-L-tyrosine selectively; these reactions were resistant to tartrate and fluoride but sensitive to vanadate and molybdate.Conclusion. sapS gene was found in clinical isolates and in silico S. aureus strains. SapS shares biochemical similarities with known virulent bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) which suggests it may be a virulence factor in chronic osteomyelitis.Introducción. La identidad de los factores de virulencia de Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) implicados en la osteomielitis crónica sigue sin resolverse. SapS, una Fosfatasa Ácida No Específica Clase C (NSAP, factores de virulencia conocidos) fue identificada en S. aureus 154 de vegetales podridos.Objetivo. Buscar el gen sapS y caracterizar la actividad de la fosfatasa SapS de cepas de S. aureus causantes de osteomielitis crónica y en S. aureus de una base de datos in silico.Materiales y métodos. Se investigó y secuenció el gen sapS en 12 aislados clínicos de S. aureus y dos cepas de referencia; in silico en 49 cepas de S. aureus y 11 estafilococos coagulasa negativos (CoNS). Se analizó la actividad de la fosfatasa SapS de los extractos de los sobrenadantes de cultivos de cepas clínicas con p-nitro-fenil-fosfato (p-NPP) y o-p-L-tirosina, serina y treonina y usando varios inhibidores de fosfatasas.Resultados. sapS se encontró en el genoma de las cepas clínicas y en 49 cepas de S. aureus pero no en CoNS. La secuenciación de SapS revelaron un péptido señal N-terminal de proteínas extracelulares y los dominios bipartita de aspartato (DDDD) de su sitio catalítico, hidroliza p-NPP y o-fosfo-tirosina selectivamente es resistente a tartrato y fluoruro, pero sensible a vanadato y molibdato.Conclusión. sapS se encuentra en el genoma de aislados clínicos de S. aureus SapS es específica para o-p-L-tirosina comparte similitudes bioquímicas con las proteínas tirosina fosfatasas (PTP) bacterianas por lo que puede formar parte de la red de factores de virulencia en la osteomielitis crónica

Macroscopic appearance of spaces created by small surgical approach to debridement (SSAD).

<p>Representative images of cross sections at epicenter of control (A, B) and SSAD (C-F) specimens. Rats were subjected to both moderate (A, C, and E) and severe (B, D, and F) injuries, and cords were harvested at 1 h (A-D) and 24 h (E, F) after SSAD or control handling. In treated rats (C-F), the spaces created by SSAD appear filled with hydrogel. +, abundance of intramedullary hemorrhagic necrosis (IHN); *, petechial hemorrhaging and scarce IHN.</p