Numerical And Experimental Studies For A High Pressure Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Sensor

We report a study of using photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) for high pressure applications. An opto-mechanical analysis was realized in regular PCFs and suspended-core microstructured optical fibers for different fiber geometrical parameters. It was found that the pressure sensitivity is highly dependent on the fiber structure. It was also experimentally shown that even small core PCFs with high air filling fraction can deal with pressures as high as 500 bar (7350 psi) without any noticeable problem. © American Institute of Physics.1055133136de Matos, C.J.S., (2008) CLEO conferenceR.E.P. de Oliveira, submitted to WSOF2008 AIP Proceedings (2008)Cordeiro, C.M.B., (2007) Optics Letters, 32, pp. 3324-3326Szpulak, M., Martynkien, T., Urbanczyk, W., (2004) Appl. Optics, 43, pp. 4739-4744MacPherson, W.N., (2005) Journal Light, 23, pp. 1227-1231. , TechnZhou, J., (2006) OFC'06, WI2Kosolapov, A.F., (2006) Inorganic Materials, 43, pp. 310-31

Opto-mechanical Response Of A Suspended-slab-core Optical Fiber

In this paper we report the numerical evaluation of the opto-mechanical response of a microstructured optical fiber design when submitted to hydrostatic pressure. The fiber was built in silica and is composed of two large holes surrounding a wide thin flat region (suspended-slab-core) that is able to support optical propagating modes. A full-vector finite element program was used to the stress-optical analysis. The opto-mechanical sensitivity of such fiber was evaluated under two schemes of applied hydrostatic pressure. © American Institute of Physics.1055141144Bjarklev, A., Broeng, J., Bjarklev, A.S., (2003) Photonic Crystal Fibres, , Boston, Kluwer Academic PublishersJoly, N.Y., Birks, T.A., Yulin, A., Knight, J.C., St. Russel, P.J., (2005) Optics Letters, 30 (18), pp. 2469-2471Szpulak, M., Martynkien, T., Urbanczyk, W., (2004) Applied Optics, 43 (24), pp. 4739-4744Schreiber, T., Schultz, O., Schmidt, O., Röser, F., Limpert, J., Tünnermann, A., (2005) Optics Express, 13 (10), pp. 3637-3646MacPherson, W.N., Rigg, E.J., Jones, J.D.C., Kumar, V.V.R.K., Knight, J.C., St, P., Russel, J., (2005) IEEE J. Lightwave Technol, 23 (3), pp. 1227-123

Hybrid Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensing Of High Hydrostatic Pressure

The opto-mechanical response of Hybrid Photonic Crystal Fiber (HPCF) with Ge-doped inclusions is numerically modeled for high hydrostatic pressure sensing purpose. A typical photonic crystal fiber (PCF) consists of a silica solidcore and a cladding with a hexagonal lattice of air-holes. The HPCF is similar to the regular PCF, but a horizontal line of air-holes is substituted by solid high index rods of Ge-doped silica. The optical guidance in HPCFs is supported combining two physical effects: the modified total internal reflection and the photonic bandgap. In such fibers, the Gedoped inclusions induce residual birefringence. In our analysis, we evaluate the susceptibility of the phase modal birefringence and group birefringence to hydrostatic pressure. The analyses were performed at a photonic bandgap with central wavelength near to 1350 nm. The polarimetric pressure sensitivity is about 10 rad/MPa x m at λ = 1175 nm. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).7753Oz Optics,Simbol Test Systems, Inc.,FISO Technologies, Inc.,CMC Microsystems Corporation,Innovative Economy: National Strategic Reference FrameworkCerqueira, A.S., Hybrid photonic crystal fiber (2006) Opt. Express, 14 (2), pp. 926-931Cerqueira, A.S., Recent progress and novel applications of photonic crystal fibers (2010) Rep. Prog. Phys., 73, p. 023301Cerqueira, A.S., Birefringence properties of hybrid photonic crystal fibers (2009) Proceedings of Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC 2009), pp. 804-806. , Belem, Brazil, 03-06, NovemberFranco, M.A.R., Thermal tunability of photonic bandgaps in photonic crystal fibers selectively filled with nematic liquid crystal Proceedings of 2nd Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications (WSOF-2), Oaxaca, Mexico, 13-15, October, (2010)Fleming, J.W., Dispersion in GeO2 -SiO2 glasses (1984) Appl. Opt., 23 (24), pp. 4486-4493Martynkien, T., Highly birefringent microstructured fibers with enhanced sensitivity to hydrostatic pressure (2010) Opt. Express, 18 (14), pp. 15113-15121Kühn, B., Schadrack, R., Thermal expansion of synthetic fused silica as a function of OH content and fictive temperature (2009) J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 355, pp. 323-326Gupta, D., Kumar, A., Thyagarajan, K., Polarization mode dispersion in single mode optical fibers due to core-ellipticity (2006) Opt. Commun., 263, pp. 36-41Koshiba, M., (1992) Optical Waveguide Theory by the Finite Element Method, pp. 133-160. , KTK Scientific Publishers and Kluwer Academic Publishers, TokyoUrbanczyk, W., Martynkien, T., Bock, W.J., Dispersion effects in elliptical-core highly birefringent fibers (2001) Appl. Opt., 40 (12), pp. 1911-1920Olszewski, J., Birefringence analysis in photonic crystal fibers with germanium-doped core (2009) J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt., 11, pp. 1-10Martynkien, T., Urbanczyk, W., Modeling of spectral characteristics of Corning PMF-38 highly birefringent fiber (2002) Optik, 113 (1), pp. 25-30Hlubina, P., Broad spectral range measurements and modelling of birefringence dispersion in two-mode elliptical-core fibres (2010) J. Opt., 12, pp. 1-8Martynkien, T., Birefringence in microstructure fiber with elliptical GeO2 highly doped inclusion in the core (2008) Opt. Lett., 33 (23), pp. 2764-2766Verbandt, Y., Polarimetric Optical Fiber Sensors: Aspects of Sensitivity and Practical Implementation (1997) Opt. Rev., 4 (1 A), pp. 75-79Lagakos, N., Bucaro, J.A., Hughes, R., Acoustic sensitivity predictions of single-mode optical fibers using Brillouin scattering (1980) Appl. Opt., 19 (21), pp. 3668-3670Chiang, K.S., Sceats, Wong, D., Ultraviolet photolytic-induced changes in optical fibers: The thermal expansion coefficient (1993) Opt. Lett., 18 (12), pp. 965-96

Spectral Bandwidth Analysis Of High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensor Based On Multimode Interference Fiber Device

Fiber optic structures based on multimode interference were investigated to the refractive index (RI) sensing. The proposed device is a singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) structure, where the multimode section is a coreless fiber (MMF). The numerical analyses were carried out by beam propagation and modal expansion methods. Ultra-high sensitivity was obtained: 827 nm/RIU over a RI range of 1.30-1.44 and a maximum sensitivity of 3500 nm/RIU for RI∼1.43, considering △RI = 0.01. The dependence of spectral bandwidth was investigated taking into account the multimode fiber diameter and the coupling efficiency between modes at the input junction singlemode- multimode. © 2012 SPIE.8421Aguilar-Soto, J.G., Antonio-Lopez, J.E., Sanchez-Mondragon, J.J., May-Arrioja, D.A., Fiber optic temperature sensor based on multimode interference effects (2011) Proceedings of XVII Reunión Iberoamericana de Óptica & X Encuentro de Óptica, Láseres y Aplicaciones, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 274, pp. 1-4Nguyen, L.V., Hwang, D., Moon, S., Moon, D.S., Chung, Y., High temperature fiber sensor with high sensitivity based on core diameter mismatch (2008) Optics Express, 16 (15), pp. 11369-11375Hatta, A.M., Rajan, G., Semenova, Y., Farrell, G., SMS fibre structure for temperature measurement using a simple intensity-based interrogation system (2009) Electronics Lett., 45 (21)Silva, S., Pachon, E.G.P., Franco, M.A.R., Hayashi, J.G., Malcata, F.X., Frazão, O., Jorge, P., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Ultra-high sensitivity-temperature fiber sensor based on multimode interference Applied Optics, , accepted to publicationWang, P., Brambilla, G., Ding, M., Semenova, Y., Wu, Q., Farrell, G., Investigation of single-mode-multimode-single-mode and single-mode-tapered-multimode-single-mode fiber structures and their application for refractive index sensing (2011) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 28 (5), pp. 1180-1186Wu, Q., Semenova, Y., Wang, P., Farrell, G., High sensitivity SMS fiber structure based refractometer-analysis and experiment (2011) Optics Express, 19 (9), pp. 7937-7944Jin, Y.X., Chan, C.C., Zhao, Y., Dong, X.Y., Refractive index measurement by using multimode interference (2011) Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors, Proc. of SPIE, 7753, pp. 77535FZhang, C., Li, E., Peng, L.V., Wang, W., A wavelength encoded optical fiber sensor based on multimode interference in a coreless silica fiber (2009) Proceedings of International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology: Advanced Sensor Technologies and Applications, Proc. SPIE SPIE, 7157, pp. 71570HWang, P., Brambilla, G., Ding, M., Semenova, Y., Wu, Q., Farrell, G., High-sensitivity, evanescent field refractometric sensor based on a tapered, multimode fiber interference (2011) Opt. Lett., 36, pp. 2233-2235Mehta, A., Mohammed, W., Johnson, E.G., Multimode interference-based fiber-optic displacement sensor (2003) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 15, pp. 1129-1131Hatta, A.M., Semenova, Y., Wu, Q., Farrell, G., Strain sensor based on a pair of single-mode-multimodesingle-mode fiber structures in a ratiometric power measurement scheme (2010) Appl. Opt., 49, pp. 536-541Silva, S., Frazão, O., Viegas, J., Ferreira, L.A., Araújo, F.M., Malcata, F.X., Santos, J.L., Temperature and strain-independent curvature sensor based on a singlemode/multimode fiber optic structure (2011) Meas. Sci. Technol., 22, p. 085201Soldano, L.B., Pennings, E.C.M., Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging: Principles and applications (1995) J. Lightwave Technol., 13 (4), pp. 615-62

Terahertz optical fibers [Invited]

Abstract not available.Md. Saiful Islam, Cristiano M.B. Cordeiro, Marcos A.R. Franco, Jakeya Sultana, Alice L.S. Cruz, and Derek Abbot

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Multiphysics Analysis Of An All-photonic Crystal Fiber Device

A multiphysics analysis of an all-fiber device based on photonic crystal fiber is reported. The device is a solid-core high-birefringent photonic crystal fiber with two integrated electrodes at the cladding region. A finite clement code was used to perform an electro-thermo-mechanical-opto coupled analysis. The device operates applying an electrical current on the integrated electrodes that causes heating by Joule effect and, consequently, its thermal expansion which squeezes the fiber microstructure. The results demonstrate the possibility of actively tuning the modal birefringence with electrical current. ©2009IEEE.800803Chesini, G., Cristiano, M., Cordeiro, B., Christiano, J., De Matos, S., Fokine, M., Isabel, C., Knight, J.C., All-fiber devices based on photonic crystal fibers with integrated electrodes (2009) Optics Express, 17 (3), pp. 1660-1665. , FebruaryFokine, M., Nilsson, L.E., Claesson, A., Berlemont, D., Kjellberg, L., Krummenacher, L., Margulis, W., Integrated fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for electro-optic switching (2002) Opt. Lett., 27, pp. 1643-1645Lienhard IV, J.H., Lienhard V, J.H., (2006) A Heat Transfer Textbook, , 3rd ed. Cambridge: Massachutts, Phlogiston Pres

Minimalist optical fiber design: capillary-like fibers

Microstructured optical fibers with ultra-simplified designs are investigated. Guiding mechanism can be achieved in an embedded or surface germanium-doped core or in the hollow part of capillaries. Fiber wall thickness and/or stress induced birefringence can be modified with external stimuli. Results showing this interesting platform for sensing of parameters such as pressure, temperature, refractive index and directional curvature will be presented.CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPSem informação2014/50632-6SBFoton International Optics and Photonics Conference2018-10-08Campinas, S

Multimode Interference Tapered Fiber Refractive Index Sensors

Real-time monitoring of the fabrication process of tapering down a multimode-interference-based fiber structure is presented. The device is composed of a pure silica multimode fiber (MMF) with an initial 125 μmdiameter spliced between two single-mode fibers. The process allows a thin MMF with adjustable parameters to obtain a high signal transmittance, arising from constructive interference among the guided modes at the output end of the MMF. Tapered structures with waist diameters as low as 55 μm were easily fabricated without the limitation of fragile splices or difficulty in controlling lateral fiber alignments. The sensing device is shown to be sensitive to the external environment, and a maximum sensitivity of 2946 nm/ refractive index unit in the refractive index range of 1.42-1.43 was attained. © 2012 Optical Society of America.512459415945Frazão, O., Silva, S., Viegas, J., Ferreira, L.A., Araújo, F.M., Santos, J.L., Optical fiber refractometry based on multimode interference (2011) Appl. Opt., 50, pp. E184-E188Wang, Q., Farrell, G., Yan, W., Investigation on single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber structure (2008) Journal of Lightwave Technology, 26 (5), pp. 512-519. , DOI 10.1109/JLT.2007.915205Soldano, L.B., Pennings, E.C.M., Optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging-principles and applications (1995) J. Lightwave Technol., 13, pp. 615-627Mohammed, W.S., Smith, P.W.E., Gu, X., All-fiber multimode interference bandpass filter (2006) Optics Letters, 31 (17), pp. 2547-2549. , DOI 10.1364/OL.31.002547Antonio-Lopez, J.E., Castillo-Guzman, A., May-Arrioja, D.A., Selvas-Aguilar, R., Wa, P.L., Tunable multimodeinterference bandpass fiber filter (2010) Opt. Lett., 35, pp. 324-326Castillo-Guzman, A., Antonio-Lopez, J.E., Selvas-Aguilar, R., May-Arrioja, D.A., Estudillo-Ayala, J., Wa, P.L., Widely tunable erbium-doped fiber laser based on multimode interference effect (2010) Opt. Express, 18, pp. 591-597Gao, R.X., Wang, Q., Zhao, F., Meng, B., Qu, S.L., Optimal design and fabrication of SMS fiber temperature sensor for liquid (2010) Opt. Commun., 283, pp. 3149-3152Antonio-Lopez, J.E., Sanchez-Mondragon, J.J., Wa, P.L., May-Arrioja, D.A., Fiber-optic sensor for liquid level measurement (2011) Opt. Lett., 36, pp. 3425-3427Wu, Q., Semenova, Y., Yan, B., Ma, Y., Wang, P., Yu, C., Farrell, G., Fiber refractometer based on a fiber Bragg grating and single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber structure (2011) Opt. Lett., 36, pp. 2197-2199Wu, Q., Semenova, Y., Wang, P., Hatta, A.M., Farrell, G., Experimental demonstration of a simple displacement sensor based on a bent single-mode-multimode-single-mode fiber structure (2011) Meas. Sci. Technol., 22, p. 025203Zang, Z., Minato, T., Navaretti, P., Hinokuma, Y., Duelk, M., Velez, C., Hamamoto, K., High power (>110 mW) superluminescent diodes using active multi-mode interferometer (2010) IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 22, pp. 721-723Zang, Z., Mukai, K., Navaretti, P., Duelk, M., Velez, C., Hamamoto, K., Thermal resistance reduction in high power superluminescent diodes by using active multi-mode interferometer (2012) Appl. Phys. Lett., 100, p. 031108Wu, Q., Semenova, Y., Wang, P., Farrell, G., High sensitivity SMS fiber structure based refractometer-analysis and experiment (2011) Opt. Express, 19, pp. 7937-7944Silva, S., Pachon, E.G.P., Franco, M.A.R., Hayashi, J.G., Malcata, F.X., Frazão, O., Jorge, P., Cordeiro, C.M.B., Ultrahigh- sensitivity temperature fiber sensor based on multimode interference (2012) Appl. Opt., 51, pp. 3236-3242Wang, P., Brambilla, G., Ding, M., Semenova, Y., Wu, Q., Farrell, G., High-sensitivity, evanescent field refractometric sensor based on a tapered, multimode fiber interference (2011) Opt. Lett., 36, pp. 2233-2235Wang, P., Brambilla, G., Ding, M., Semenova, Y., Wu, Q., Farrell, G., Investigation of single-mode-multimode-singlemode and single-mode-tapered-multimode-single-mode fiber structures and their application for refractive index sensing (2011) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 28, pp. 1180-1186Brambilla, G., Finazzi, V., Richardson, D.J., Ultra-low-loss optical fiber nanotapers (2004) Opt. Express, 12, pp. 2258-2263Birks, T.A., Li, Y.W., The shape of fiber tapers (1992) J. Lightwave Technol., 10, pp. 432-43