3 research outputs found
Evaluación y diagnóstico de la patología musculo esquelética de mano y muñeca del personal de enfermería del área de consulta externa del Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor.
Este documento contiene archivo en PDF.La presente investigación se realiza con el objetivo de evaluar y diagnosticar la patología musculo esquelética de mano y muñeca del personal de enfermería del Área de Consulta Externa del Hospital Gineco Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, para lo cual se realizó un análisis descriptivo, cuantitativo y deductivo, donde se aplicó el check list OCRA como instrumento de medición de los riesgos ergonómicos, además de la matriz del Panorama de Factores de Riesgos, el diagrama de Ishikawa y de Pareto, identificándose que los riesgos ergonómicos son los principales peligros presentes en los puestos de trabajo, que a corto plazo pueden generar desviaciones en la salud del personal auxiliar de enfermería, debido a la exposición diaria y continua de las colaboradoras en mención, durante la actividad de inflexión del tensiómetro, por lo tanto requieren atención inmediata, siendo calificados como de riesgo inaceptable medio, generando una pérdida económica igual a 13.935,00 de los cuales el 67,71% pertenece a los costos de operación y 32,29% a la inversión en activos fijos, generando una tasa TIR de 75,32% un VAN de 13,725.00; The main causes of this problem: continuous exposure to this risk, the institution has not planned the necessary to minimize the impact of these hazards actions because they did not plan active breaks scheduled, also developed the training schedule in ergonomics or rotating staff organized to reduce the level of risk. Integral Control Plan was limited in implementing active breaks, staff education interested in ergonomics and occupational health and job rotation. The total investment of the proposal is for 9837.10 a period of payback of a year and a half, a coefficient benefit / cost ratio of 2.19, indicators that show the feasibility of the alternatives posed solution
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
Enfermedades de transmisión sexual en niños y adolescentes, contagio por el virus del papiloma humano
El aumento actual de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual específicamente el virus del papiloma humano entre niños y adolescentes y las graves consecuencias que pueden seguir a la infección deben hacer que la prevención de este tipo de infecciones en este grupo de edad sea una prioridad. La identificación de una enfermedad de transmisión sexual en un niño más allá del período neonatal tiene implicaciones médicas y legales. La gonorrea y la sífilis se transmiten casi exclusivamente por vía sexual y son marcadores útiles de abuso sexual en los niños. Sin embargo, las excepciones ocurren; por ejemplo, la infección rectal y genital con Chlamydia trachomatis en niños pequeños puede deberse a una infección perinatal persistente, que puede persistir durante hasta 3 años. La infección causada por el virus del papiloma humano (condiloma acuminado) presenta un problema similar, ya que el período de latencia después de la adquisición perinatal puede ser de 2 años o más. Otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual, como la vaginosis bacteriana, pueden adquirirse de forma no sexual y se han identificado tanto en niños maltratados como en niños no abusados. Cuando la única evidencia de abuso sexual es el aislamiento de un organismo o la detección de anticuerpos, los hallazgos deben ser cuidadosamente confirmados