Sustainable Thermosetting Polyurethane Resins as interlayers and primary Encapsulants in emerging photovoltaics

International audienceNowadays, polyurethane-based materials are massively exploited in a plethora of applications, from adhesives to foams, from building insulations to athletic tracks. Recently, the specifical use of aliphatic thermosetting polyurethanes (aPUs) has enormously increased in the industrial context for their versatile synthesis and tunable physicochemical properties. In the context of photovoltaics, and more specifically, the emerging field of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs), we proposed the use of thermosetting polyurethanes as low-cost but effective encapsulants on rigid devices. [1]The advantage of thermosetting PUs over other polymeric encapsulants lies in their tunable flexibility. Indeed, a properly designed combination of precursors leads to a PU that could be coupled with PET in flexible PSCs, allowing PU-protected devices to outperform the non-encapsulated cells in both conventional and high-humidity (RH > 70%) environments. Another possibility with thermosetting PU is their application as both encapsulant and interlayer in tandem devices; more in detail, we exploited a specifically designed formulation (i.e., having a refractive index comparable to the one of glass and a transmittance higher than 90%) to glue together a NIR-Dye Sensitized Solar Cell and a UV-absorbing PSC. The final tandem device reached a total efficiency close to 10% with an Average Visible Transmittance (AVT) as high as 35%, leading to a Light Utilization Efficiency close to 3.5%. All the proposed formulations have been engineered to improve their sustainability by replacing fossil fuel precursors with bio-based or waste-derived ones [2], thus leading to high-performing but sustainable encapsulants and interlayers for emerging photovoltaics

Additional file 1: of The effects of facemasks on airway inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy young adults: a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover study

Table S1. Filtration Efficiencies and resistance of six types of facemasks. (DOCX 36 kb