Financial compensation due to municipalities that host radioactive waste deposits

This work aims to perform calculation about the financial compensation due to municipalities where there is viability for construction of radioactive waste deposits from low and medium activity. Were used like base structure de Resolution No. 96 of August, 10, 2010, entitled “Model of Calculation For Financial Compensation to Municipalities” where are determinate those principal characteristics by the waste and deposits, such as the half-life, activity level, type of deposits (initial, intermediate or final), costs for construction and maintenance of deposits, demography, between others. The calculation was made according to the temporally or definitive storage for solids waste like personal protection equipment (gloves, shoes, masks, etc) resins and filters used in wastewater treatment, between others, from of nuclear and radioactivity facilities. There are presented some countries that do the compensation, financial or not, for some municipalities for the construction of waste deposits and in some cases, the way that occurred the negotiation between the stakeholders, in other words, the local population and the companies. Also are presented others forms of financial compensation in Brazil in consequence of activities in large scale which result in potential risk for the surrounding population and for the environment, like compensation for oil and natural gas, hydropower plants and mining. Were used on methodology the inventory of waste presented on RMBN project (Repository of Waste of Low and Medium Activity) developed by the CDTN which present the implementation of a repository for final storage to radioactive waste. With this was possible to develop a case study with the creation of four scenarios. Values were found which initially range from R$2,6 mil to R$79,8 mil for month. Finally are analyzed the possible influences which that values may have on the municipality budget revenue and som

Cutting Forces Assessment in CNC Machining Processes: A Critical Review

Machining processes remain an unavoidable technique in the production of high-precision parts. Tool behavior is of the utmost importance in machining productivity and costs. Tool performance can be assessed by the roughness left on the machined surfaces, as well as of the forces developed during the process. There are various techniques to determine these cutting forces, such as cutting force prediction or measurement, using dynamometers and other sensor systems. This technique has often been used by numerous researchers in this area. This paper aims to give a review of the different techniques and devices for measuring the forces developed for machining processes, allowing a quick perception of the advantages and limitations of each technique, through the literature research carried out, using recently published worksThe present work was done and funded under the scope of the project ON-SURF (ANI | P2020 | POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024521, co-funded by Portugal 2020 and FEDER, through COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation. F.J.G. Silva also thanks INEGI-Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Industria, due to its support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Atlantic forest fragments and their dispersal to urban area

Abstract The geographical distribution of sand flies in Brazil has been the subject of some studies, yet there is no information about the phlebotomine fauna in João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Brazil. The aim of this work is to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of sand flies in the Atlantic forest fragments and to evaluate a possible dispersion in 06 nearby districts. Light traps were used during three consecutive nights, supplemented by an aspirator during the dry period and rainy season. A total of 222 sand flies were found, 143 (130 males and 13 females) in the Atlantic forest, and 79 in urban areas. During the entire dry season, three species of phlebotomine sand flies were recorded in 11 forest fragments, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lu. migonei and Lu. whitmani. During the rainy season, only Lu. longipalpis was found. This was the only species identified in the studied neighborhoods during both seasons. The differences in diversity of sand flies encountered between natural habitats and urban areas may thus be correlated mostly with adaptations to particular habitats and availability of food. One species (Lu. longipalpis) appears to be rapidly adapting to urban areas because of deforestation

Perineal pain effect on the activities of women who had an episiotomy

Objective: This manuscript discusses the influence of the perineal pain after normal birth on daily activities of women who had an episiotomy. Methods: Descriptive study with data collected through interviews performed from 20 to 48 hours after delivery, with 52 women, applying the pain numeric scale (0-10). Results: Perineal pain was present in 86.5% and 82.7% of women, at 20 and 48 hours after delivery, respectively. There was a predominance of mild pain (64.4% to 72.1%), followed by moderate pain (28.9% to 18.6%). The restriction of the activities varied between 92.3% and 86.5% women, from 20 to 48 hours after delivery, respectively. Conclusions: Although most women had reported mild pain, it was noted that this morbidity limits the essential activities

Morphophysiological responses of wheat cultivars in competition with diploid and tetraploid ryegrass.

Wheat crop growth and development can be affected by weed infestation, especially ryegrass. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the competitive ability of wheat cultivars wit h the diploid and tetraploid ryegrass biotypes. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. BRS Parrudo and TBIO Sinuelo wheat cultivars and the competitors ryegrass diploid and tetraploid were used. The population of each species was defined and then the replacement series experiments were carried out, containing the following proportions of wheat and ryegrass plants: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75; and 0:100%, equivalent to 32:0; 24:8; 16:16; 8:24; and 0:32 plants per pot. Fifty days after species emergence, physiological traits, such as photosynthetic activity ( A ), stomatal conductance ( g S ), transpiration rate E ), internal concentration of mesophyll CO 2 (C i ), water use efficiency (WUE), and carboxylation ef ficiency (CE), were evaluated, along with the morphological traits of leaf area (LA), stem diameter (SD), number of tillers (NT), and shoot dry mass (DM). Competitiveness analysis was performed by means of diagrams applied to substitutive experiments using relative competitiveness indices. The ryegrass, both diploid and tetraploid, had a negative effect on the variables related to A , WUE and also those associated with plant growth. The ryegrass negatively changed the LA, DM, SD, and NT of the cultivars BRS Parrudo and TBIO Sinuelo, which demonstrates competition between the cultivars of wheat and the weed ryegrass with mutual damage to the species involved in th recommended for wheat cultivation

Total cross sections for electron scattering by 1-propanol at impact energies in the range 40-500 eV

Absolute total cross section (TCS) measurements for electron scattering from 1-propanol molecules are reported for impact energies from 40 to 500 eV. These measurements were obtained using a new apparatus developed at Juiz de Fora Federal University—Brazil, which is based on the measurement of the attenuation of a collimated electron beam through a gas cell containing the molecules to be studied at a given pressure. Besides these experimental measurements, we have also calculated TCS using the Independent-Atom Model with Screening Corrected Additivity Rule and Interference (IAM-SCAR+I) approach with the level of agreement between them being typically found to be very good.M.C.A.L. acknowledges financial support from Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Fundac¸ ´ ao de Amparo ˜ a Pesquisa do Estado ` de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), and FINEP, while M.J.B. thanks CNPq for his “Special Visiting Professor” award. Some financial assistance from the Australian Research Council through Grant No. DP160102787 is also noted. Finally, S. Ghosh acknowledges for his grant from PNPD/CAPES, while G. Garcia thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad for his project Grant No. FIS 2016-80440 and the EU Project No. FP7–ITN–ARGENT-608163