Functional characterization of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) transcription factors and transcriptional regulator during the fruit ripening, and genes with biotechnological interest

The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) belongs to the family Rosaceae in the genus Fragaria. This soft fruit is cultivated in different regions of the world and is part of the diet of millions of people. Spain is the first producer of strawberries in Europe and the second one in the world after United States (FAO, 2012). The main octoploid variety Fragaria × ananassa cultivated is the result of crossing two native American species, F. virginiana and F. chiloensis (Hancock, 1999; Mabberley, 2002; Eriksson et al., 2003). The wild diploid species Fragaria vesca is also considered as an ancestor of the cultivated octoploid variety. Recently, the genome of the wild species Fragaria vesca has been sequenced (Shulaev et al., 2011). This information, together with the ESTs (expressed sequence tag) availability from cultivated species and the development of efficient transformation techniques of these varieties, will allow the development of genomics and recombinant DNA studies between different species of Rosaceae in the future (Bombarely et al., 2010). Strawberry fruit has been classified as non-climacteric, since there is no concomitant burst of respiration and ethylene production that triggers to the ripening process. Thus, all changes related with the fruit ripening occur without a significant increase in ethylene production, which suggests that this process is independent of this hormone (Iwata et al., 1969a and 1969b; Villareal et al., 2010). The strawberry fruit has a maximum respiration at the transition between stages ripe to overripe. Strawberries are much appreciated for their flavor, aroma and nutritional value. The mature fruit is composed of approximately 90 % water and 10% total soluble solids. Moreover, it contains many important dietary components such as vitamin C, soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose (which constitute over 80 % of total sugars), organic acids such as citric acid (88 % of total acids) and ellagic acid, which has anticancer properties (Green, 1971; Wrolstad and Shallenberger, 1981; Maas et al., 1991; Hemphill and Martin, 1992; Maas et al. 1996; Hancock, 1999). Soft fruits have an initial phase of growth and elongation, followed by a phase of maturity. The growth of the strawberry receptacle depends of the cortex and medulla cells development while the fruit size is mainly determined for the medulla cells development and the fruit position in the inflorescence (Hancock, 1999). Moreover, the fruit development is determined by the number and distribution of achenes, the receptacle area around each achene and the percentage of fertilized carpels. In this sense, the synthesis of auxin, fundamentally indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which takes place in the achenes, is considerate the main responsible of the receptacle growth while gibberellins, cytokinins and abscisic acid have a limited role in the fruit growth (Nitsch,1950; Perkins-Veazie, 1995). Along the development and ripening processes, the strawberry fruit suffers important molecular changes such the removal of existing polypeptides and the synthesis of new proteins (Manning, 1994). In this sense, three evolution models of the transcripts have been described: mRNA whose concentration increases along the ripening, mRNA whose levels decrease over the ripening, and mRNA whose components exceed their maximum concentration in the intermediate stage, which then declined in stages of maturation (Veluthambi and Poovaiah, 1984; Reddy and Poovaiah, 1990; Reddy et al., 1990; Manning, 1994)

El control interno contable como factor fundamental para la administración empresarial

Business administration aims to shape organizations to achieve the proposed goals efficiently and effectively. This task represents a challenge in the face of the changes and transformations that occur today and directly influence the internal business environment. Specifically in the organizational internal control, the internal accounting control emerges as the controls designed to verify the correctness and reliability of the accounting data that offer an adequate record and summary of the authorized financial operations. To analyze the relevance of internal accounting control in business administration, documentary-bibliographic research was carried out, in which documentary sources were interpreted and analyzed. From this analysis it is concluded that the lack of internal accounting control is a fact that affects most companies due to the lack of knowledge that officials and workers have and the need to produce and sell company goods or services. However, internal accounting control allows the information on profits and losses to remain updated, duly systematized and accessible at any time to generate reports and carry out the respective analyzes to draw conclusions and make relevant decisions, which is why it is essential in the administration control by means of an internal accounting manual, monthly accounting records and an administrative accounting computer system as well as compliance with the control elements to apply corrective measures in the event of possible deviations from the organizational objectives and goals.La administración empresarial pretende darles forma las organizaciones con el objetivo de alcanzar en forma eficiente y eficaz las metas propuestas. Esta tarea representa un desafío ante los cambios y transformaciones que se dan en la sociedad actual e influyen de manera directa en el ambiente interno empresarial. Específicamente en el control interno organizacional, se desprende el control interno contable como los controles diseñados para verificar la corrección y confiabilidad de los datos contables que ofrezcan un registro y resumen adecuado de las operaciones financieras autorizadas. Para analizar la relevancia del control interno contable en la administración empresarial se llevó a cabo una investigación documental-bibliográfica, en la que se interpretaron y analizaron fuentes documentales. De este análisis se concluye que la falta de control interno contable, es un hecho que afecta a la mayoría de las empresas por el desconocimiento que tienen los funcionarios y trabajadores y la necesidad de producir y vender bienes o servicios de las empresas. Sin embargo, el control interno contable, permite que la información sobre las ganancias y pérdidas permanezca actualizada, debidamente sistematizada y accesible en cualquier momento para generar informes y realizar los respectivos análisis para sacar conclusiones y tomar decisiones relevantes por lo que es indispensable en la administración empresarial su control mediante un manual interno contable, registros contables mensuales y un sistema informático administrativo contable así como el cumplimiento de los elementos de control para aplicar medidas correctoras ante posibles desviaciones de los objetivos y metas organizacionales

The Intragenesis and Synthetic Biology Approach towards Accelerating Genetic Gains on Strawberry: Development of New Tools to Improve Fruit Quality and Resistance to Pathogens

Under climate change, the spread of pests and pathogens into new environments has a dramatic effect on crop protection control. Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one the most profitable crops of the Rosaceae family worldwide, but more than 50 different genera of pathogens affect this species. Therefore, accelerating the improvement of fruit quality and pathogen resistance in strawberry represents an important objective for breeding and reducing the usage of pesticides. New genome sequencing data and bioinformatics tools has provided important resources to expand the use of synthetic biology-assisted intragenesis strategies as a powerful tool to accelerate genetic gains in strawberry. In this paper, we took advantage of these innovative approaches to create four RNAi intragenic silencing cassettes by combining specific strawberry new promoters and pathogen defense-related candidate DNA sequences to increase strawberry fruit quality and resistance by silencing their corresponding endogenous genes, mainly during fruit ripening stages, thus avoiding any unwanted effect on plant growth and development. Using a fruit transient assay, GUS expression was detected by the two synthetic FvAAT2 and FvDOF2 promoters, both by histochemical assay and qPCR analysis of GUS transcript levels, thus ensuring the ability of the same to drive the expression of the silencing cassettes in this strawberry tissue. The approaches described here represent valuable new tools for the rapid development of improved strawberry lines

Architectural and intangible heritage in Andalusia: the impact of tourism after UNESCO’s inscriptions

Póster presentado en la muestra de la International Union of Architects (UIA), la UIA International Forum 2019, con sede en Bakú, bajo la temática ‘Turismo masivo en ciudades históricas'. El Consejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de España (CSCAE) seleccionó a partir de las propuestas de los Colegios de Arquitectos 6 paneles con los que participó en la exposición. Este panel ha sido desarrollado por miembros del grupo de investigación HUM700: Patrimonio y Desarrollo Urbano Territorial en Andalucía de la Universidad de Sevilla y coordinado por el catedrático y colegiado del COAS Eduardo Mosquera Adell.Poster presented at the exhibition of the International Union of Architects (UIA), the UIA International Forum 2019 in Baku, under the theme ‘Mass tourism in historical cities'. The Superior Council of the Colleges of Architects of Spain (CSCAE) selected 6 panels from the proposals of the Association of Architects. This panel has been developed by members of the Research Lab HUM700: Heritage and Urban Territorial Development in Andalusia at the University of Seville and coordinated by the professor and registered architect Eduardo Mosquera Adell.Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos de SevillaConsejo Andaluz de Colegios Oficiales de ArquitectosConsejo Superior de los Colegios de Arquitectos de Españ

Intraoperative metabolic changes associated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy

Background: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) causes considerable hemodynamic, respiratory, and metabolic changes during the perioperative period. Objectives: To evaluate metabolic changes associated with this procedure. Understanding perioperative factors and their association with morbidity may improve the perioperative management of patients undergoing this treatment. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed. All consecutive unselected patients who underwent CRS plus HIPEC between January 2018 and December 2020 (n = 219) were included. Results: The mean age was 58 ± 11.7 years and 167 (76.3%) were female. The most frequent histology diagnosis was serous ovarian carcinoma 49.3% (n = 108) and colon carcinoma 36.1% (n = 79). Mean peritoneal cancer index was 14.07 ± 10.47. There were significant variations in pH, lactic acid, sodium, potassium, glycemia, bicarbonate, excess bases, and temperature (p < 0.05) between the pre-HIPEC and post-HIPEC periods. The closed HIPEC technique resulted in higher levels of temperature than the open technique (p < 0.05). Age, potassium level post-HIPEC potassium level, and pre-HIPEC glycemia were identified as prognostic factors for morbidity in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: The administration of HIPEC after CRS causes significant changes in internal homeostasis. Although the closed technique causes a greater increase in temperature, it is not related to higher morbidity rates. The patient’s age, post-HIPEC potassium level, and pre-HIPEC glycemia are predictive factors for morbidity

Comparative Study of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory E ects of Leaf Extracts from Four Di erent Morus alba Genotypes in High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a low-grade chronic inflammation in multiple organs have been demonstrated in obesity. Morus alba leaves extracts (MAEs) have been used in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory agents. In this work, the bioactive compounds of di erent genotypes of M. alba L. (Filipina, Valenciana Temprana, Kokuso, and Italia) were analyzed not only by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography–electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-TOF-MS), but also screened for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity by means of DPPH radical scavenging assay and Caenorhabditis elegans model. These MAEs were administered daily in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. Filipina and Italia genotypes significantly reduced weight gain, the glycemic levels in high fat diet, as well as, levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Filipina and Italia MAEs also reduced the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as Tnf- , Il-1 , Il-6 and increased the levels of adiponectin and AMPK, which exert anti-inflammatory e ects. Moreover, Italia genotype ameliorated the intestinal barrier function. In conclusion, Filipina and Italia methanolic extracts show the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory e ect, due to the presence of compounds such as protocatechuic acid or quercetin-3-glucoside, and they could be developed as a complementary treatment for obesity and metabolic disorders.Junta de Andalucia CTS 164Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness AGL2015-67995-C3-3-REuropean Commission (FEDER/ERDF)ERDF/FEDER Operational Programme of the Region of Murcia 2007ES161PO001 14-20/20Instituto de Salud Carlos II

Traqueomalacia en la unidad de cuidados críticos. Reporte de 2 casos

Introduction: Tracheomalacia in critical care is a rare entity in the adult population, so we present two relevant clinical cases, where a striking deformity of the trachea was evident. In the first case, concomitantly with other diseases such as thyroid pathologies (goiter) and in the second case as a result of severe burns, product of the explosion of a gas canister for domestic use. Objective: to describe two clinical cases of patients with tracheomalacia in critical care unit and to recognize the main diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Materials and methods: a retrospective descriptive study was performed, presentation of 2 clinical cases, with a diagnosis of tracheomalacia in the critical care unit; institutional informed consent was requested for review of clinical histories of the patients studied and publication of the respective images. Discussion: The main signs and symptoms in both clinical cases were dyspnea, hypoxemia and failure of extubation. In the first clinical case, the diagnosis of tracheomalacia, was found during surgery for exeresis of thyroid tumor, in the second case the diagnosis was made by fibrobronchoscopy and anatomical loss was observed in the normal way, cylindrical of the trachea. With regard to treatment, it should be emphasized that tracheal surgery and the development of endoluminal tracheal prostheses currently represent a great therapeutic alternative. Conclusions: tracheomalacia can cause serious changes in oxygenation so it is important to recognize, diagnose and treat this pathology in a timely manner, as it represents a high comorbidity in the critical patient, which increases the need for reintubation and increases failure in disconnecting mechanical ventilation.Introducción: Traqueomalacia en cuidados críticos, es una entidad poco frecuente en la población adulta, por lo que, presentamos dos casos clínicos relevantes, donde se evidenció una llamativa deformidad de la tráquea.&nbsp; En el primer caso, concomitantemente con otras enfermedades tales como, patologías tiroideas (bocio) y en el segundo caso a consecuencia de quemaduras severas, producto de la explosión de una bombona de gas de uso doméstico. Objetivo: describir dos casos clínicos de pacientes con traqueomalacia en unidad de cuidados críticos y reconocer los principales métodos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, presentación de 2 casos clínicos, con diagnóstico de traqueomalacia en la unidad de cuidados críticos; se solicitó el consentimiento informado institucional para revisión de historias clínicas de los pacientes estudiados y publicación de las imágenes respectivas. &nbsp;Discusión:&nbsp; Los principales signos y síntomas en ambos casos clínicos fueron:&nbsp; disnea, hipoxemia y fracaso de la extubación. En el primer caso clínico, el diagnóstico de traqueomalacia, resultó como hallazgo durante una intervención quirúrgica por exeresis de tumor de tiroides, en el segundo caso el diagnóstico se realizó mediante&nbsp;&nbsp; fibrobroncoscopía y se observó una pérdida anatómica de la forma normal, cilíndrica de la tráquea. Respecto al tratamiento cabe recalcar que en la actualidad la cirugía de tráquea y el desarrollo de prótesis traqueales endoluminales representan una gran alternativa terapéutica. Conclusiones:&nbsp; la traqueomalacia puede provocar cambios graves en la oxigenación por lo que es importante reconocer, diagnosticar y tratar oportunamente esta patología, por representar una gran comorbilidad en el paciente crítico, que incrementa la necesidad de reintubación y aumenta el fracaso en la desconexión de la ventilación mecánica

Outcomes of elective liver surgery worldwide: a global, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study

Background: The outcomes of liver surgery worldwide remain unknown. The true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported that reflect the activity of highly specialized academic centers. The aim of this study was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes. Methods: LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach with a 3-month prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January–December 2019. Each patient was followed up for 90 days postoperatively. All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien–Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. Country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI). (NCT03768141). Results: A total of 2159 patients were included from six continents. Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 (83%) patients. Of all patients, 912 (42%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 16% (341/2159). The overall 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 3.8% (82/2,159). The overall failure to rescue rate was 11% (82/ 722) ranging from 5 to 35% among the higher and lower HDI groups, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first to our knowledge global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized liver surgery. The authors identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives