ACTIVIDAD ANTI-INFLAMATORIA in vivo Y TOXICIDAD AGUDA DE EXTRACTOS METANOLICOS DE HOJAS DE PLANTAS SILVESTRES Y CULTIVOS DE SUSPENSIONES CELULARES DE Buddleja cordata Kunth (Buddlejaceae)

Buddleja cordata is a species used by Mexican folk medicine for treating illnesses related to inflammation such as skin wounds and arthritis. It bio-synthesizes metabolites such as verbascoside that contributes to its ethno-therapeutic properties as anti-inflammatory remedy. HPLC analysis showed that the methanolic extract from cell suspension cultures (Bc-Cc) and wild plant leaves (Bc-Wp) contained verbascoside, but concentration was higher in Bc-Cc (87.48 mg/g) than in wild plant (47.34 mg/g). In the acute toxicity model, none of the extracts generated any lethality or adverse eects. In acute inflammation model induced with TPA, Bc-Cc extract showed a greater edema inhibition at 2 mg/ear (61.72%), as well for carrageenan model at 200 mg/kg(48.87%). Bc-Wp showed lesser anti-inflammatory efect in both acute inflammation models than Bc-Cc. For Adjuvant-induced arthritis both extracts at 250 mg/kg generated a moderate inhibition over edema ( 33%) at day 28, and they were statistically no different to phenilbutazone. The culture in suspension of B. cordata obtained by biotechnological process contains greater amount of verbascosido and showed better anti-inflammatory activity; thus, representing a source for obtaining this type of secondary metabolite of pharmacological interes

Establishment of cell suspension cultures of prosopis laevigata (humb. & bonpl. ex willd) m.c. johnst to determine the effect of zinc on the uptake and accumulation of lead

In vitro studies indicate that Prosopis laevigata can be considered a potential hyperaccumulator of lead. Likewise, lead uptake has been related to protein transporters for zinc. In this work presents a protocol for the establishment of cell suspension culture to determine the effect of zinc on the uptake and accumulation of lead. A bioassay with Pb2+/Zn2+ (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mM) was carried out on cell suspension cultures derived from callus induced in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium added with 6.8 pM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with 4.5 pM kinetin (KIN). Cells showed significant tolerance to growth (GR>60%) at all concentrations and combinations of Pb and Zn (0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM). When the Pb with or without Zn were added to the culture medium, the cells showed the highest accumulation efficiency for non-essential (lead) metal over essential (zinc) metal (BF values for Pb » BF values for Zn; 2-33 times). Scanning electron micrographs evidenced the accumulation of Pb in the cells walls. These results provide insights about the tolerance and accumulation mechanisms of Pb occurring in P. laevigata

EFFECT OF Cr AND Pb ON THE ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES IN A CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF Jatropha curcas

Jatropha curcas is a tolerant and accumulator plant of heavy metals (HMs). Little is known about the mechanisms behind this ability. It is suggested that antioxidant enzymes might participate; however, there are no studies reporting the relationship between the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the presence of HMs in an in vitro cell suspension culture of J. curcas. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chromium (Cr) or lead (Pb) at 0.0 to 3.0 mM on the activity of three antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) through the growthofcellsuspensioncultures(CSC)ofJ.curcas. Theactivitydisplayedbythoseenzymeswasstatisticallysignificant (P≤0.05) when Cr or Pb was used. The greatest enzymatic activity was noted at the first hour of culture for SOD and at five h for POX and CAT. After 192 h, the activity of these three enzymes decreased, which coincided with the exponential growth phase of the cell culture. The results indicated that there is a close relationship between the presence of Cr and Pb and SOD, CAT, and POX activities in a cell suspension culture of J. curcas, which can explain the plant’s capability for tolerating and accumulating high concentrations of Cr and P

Collection System and Recommendation of Academic Texts with OCR Functions

Today the search for information is a complex task, requiring an investment of time to find one that interests us. But having defined areas of interest is possible to focus the search more in order to optimize time. The aim of this study is to recommend thesis-based areas of interest for the user. For this, building the user profile is required, and in order not to limit the recommendation is considered the recommendations of other users. Algorithm it is implemented based on content and other in the collaborative model for recommendations. As additional part, the application through OCR will allow you find the thesis

Acumulación simultánea de múltiples metales pesados por cultivos in vitro de plántulas de Prosopis laevigata

Se investigó la capacidad de plántulas de Prosopis laevigata para tolerar y acumular de forma simultánea hasta 4 metales pesados (cromo, níquel, cadmio y plomo), bajo condiciones de cultivo in vitro.Experiments were conducted to investigate the capability of Prosopis laevigata to individually or simultaneously uptake four heavy metals (HM; Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb). To this end, P. laevigata seedlings were cultured during 50 days on modified MS medium supplemented with 30 g L−1 of sucrose and added with 1, 2, 3 or 4 HM (50 mg L−1 of each HM). When the four HM were added simultaneously, the medium was supplemented with or without ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA). In the MS media contained only one HM, the seedlings tolerance to HM was as follows: Pb≥Cr>Ni≥Cd. The accumulation of HM from higher to lower concentration in shoots was Pb≥Ni>Cd>>Cr and in roots Cr>>Pb>>Ni>Cd. When the media contained more than one HM, the accumulation in shoots was the highest for Ni and the lowest for Pb, whether EDTA was added or not. EDTA supplementation increased 61, 39, 22, and 3 fold uptake of Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd in roots, respectively

Aktivnost feruloil esteraze proizvedene fermentacijom na čvrstoj podlozi od otpada nastalog pri proizvodnji kave

Hydroxycinnamic acids (HAs) have a potential application in the food and pharmaceutical industry because they are rich in phenolics. Feruloyl esterases release phenolic compounds from plant cell walls. Coffee pulp is rich in HAs linked to polysaccharides. A solvent extraction of free HAs was performed with aqueous methanol (80 %). A response surface methodology was applied to optimise the extraction of these compounds from coffee pulp, and the best results were obtained at 56 °C for 34 min. Alkaline and acid hydrolyses were performed to evaluate the content of linked HAs. Treated (extracted) coffee pulp was used to produce feruloyl esterases in solid-state fermentation by Aspergillus tamarii V12307, previously selected by a hydrolysis plate assay. Different dilutions of a culture medium were added to the coffee pulp, and the diluted medium with half the nutrients allowed for higher CO2 production. A specific growth rate (μCO2 ) of 0.25 h^–1 and a lag phase (tlag) of 14.3 h were observed under the selected conditions. Finally, enzymatic activities were 14.0 and 10.8 nkat per g of dried matter when methyl and ethyl ferulate were used as substrates, respectively. Productivities (9.3 and 7.2 nkat per g of dried matter per day, respectively) were higher when compared to other studies carried out in solid-state fermentation. Utilisation of coffee pulp for enzyme production improves the added value of this abundant by-product of the coffee industry.Hidroksicinamične se kiseline mogu upotrijebiti u prehrambenoj i farmaceutskoj industriji, jer su bogate fenolima, koje enzim feruloil esteraza oslobađa iz staničnih stijenki biljaka. Otpad koji nastaje pri proizvodnji kave bogat je hidroksicinamičnim kiselinama vezanim za polisaharide. Ekstrakcija tih spojeva vodenom otopinom metanola (80 %) optimirana je pomoću metode odzivnih površina, a najbolji su rezultati postignuti pri 56 °C tijekom 34 minute. Alkalnom je i kiselom hidrolizom procijenjen udio vezanih hidroksicinamičnih kiselina. Pomoću odabranoga soja Aspergillus tamarii V12307 proizvedena je feruloil esteraza fermentacijom na čvrstoj podlozi od otpada nastalog pri proizvodnji kave. Otpadu su dodana različita razrjeđenja podloge za uzgoj, pri čemu je proizvedeno više CO2 primjenom podloge koja sadržava 50 % hranjiva. Pritom je specifična brzina rasta (μCO2) bila 0,25 h-1, a lag je faza (tlag) iznosila 14,3 h. Uporabom metil ferulata kao supstrata postignuta je aktivnost enzima od 14 nkat/g suhe tvari i produktivnost od 9,3 nkat/g suhe tvari po danu, dok je pomoću etil ferulata dobivena aktivnost enzima od 10,8 nkat/g suhe tvari i produktivnost od 7,2 nkat/g suhe tvari po danu. Produktivnost je procesa bila veća nego u prijašnjim istraživanjima. Primjenom otpada nastalog pri proizvodnji kave u proizvodnji enzima povećala se dodana vrijednost tog nusproizvoda

Formación de raíces e inducción de haustorios de Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. con catequina y peróxido de hidrógeno.

Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. es una planta hemiparásita utilizada en la medicina tradicional mexicana debido a las propiedades farmacológicas que posee. Esta especie desarrolla un órgano llamado haustorio con el que se conecta a su hospedero y a través del cual se provee de agua, nutrientes y de diversos metabolitos producidos por este. Principalmente por su importancia medicinal, se han hecho esfuerzos para micropropagarla, sin embargo, en condiciones in vitro C. tenuiflora desarrolla raíces pequeñas y delgadas lo que ha dificultado este proceso. Además de que son pocos los trabajos sobre la micropropagación de C. tenuiflora, no existen reportes que indiquen la posible correlación de la inducción de haustorios con la generación de raíces y la formación de pelos haustoriales, eventos que podrían favorecer el proceso de micropropagación en condiciones in vitro. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue inducir la formación de haustorios en raíces de C. tenuiflora empleando catequina y peróxido de hidrogeno (H2O2) con dos medios de cultivo; Schenk y Hildebrandt, 1972 (SH) y Gamborg et al., 1968 (B5). Los resultados a nivel histológico muestran la presencia de haustorios en la epidermis de las raíces de C. tenuiflora. Se observó también un efecto de los tratamientos con B5 + catequina y SH + catequina sobre el número y grosor de raíces y de B5 + H2O2 y SH + catequina en el número de haustorios, comparados con el control. Lo anterior indica que la catequina (flavonoide) y H2O2 en combinación con medio B5 o SH favorecen la formación de haustorios y el desarrollo de raíces en plantas de C. tenuiflora cultivadas in vitro

Alteraciones Neuropsicológicas y Emocionales en Niños Prematuros de muy Bajo Peso al Nacer

 La  prematuridad  es  uno  de  los  problemas  de  salud  más  prevalentes  en  la población infantil de los países desarrollados. Entre un 8 y un 10% de los nacimientos ocurren antes de la 37ª semana de gestación y justifican el 75 % de la mortalidad perinatal y el 50% de la discapacidad en la infancia. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una evaluación de las posibles secuelas  neuropsicológicas  y  emocionales  a  los  7  años  de  edad  de  niños prematuros  comparándolo  con  niños  de  la  misma  edad  pero  nacidos  a término.  Instrumentos: Historias  Clínicas  y  Entrevistas.  Batería  de Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (BENI). Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta  de  niños  y  Adolescentes  (BASC).  Los  resultados  han  mostrado que los niños prematuros presentan alteraciones centradas en la memoria la  función  ejecutiva  en  la  evaluación  neuropsicológica  y  en  problemas  de conducta  y  de  atención  en  la  evaluación  psicopatológica.  Estos  resultados deberían  considerarse  para  iniciar  programas  de  intervención  en  los  dos ámbitos  descritos  que  ayuden  a  estos  niños  a  superar  las  dificultades  que manifiestan por la presencia de dichos problemas. Palabras claves: Prematuridad;  Niños;  Secuelas  neuropsicológicas  y  emocionales;  Batería Neuropsicológica (BENI).   Memory Consolidation and Neural Substrate of Reward: Prematurity is one of the most relevant health problems among children in the developed countries.  Around  8  to  10%  of  children  birth  before  the  37  week  and/or with  a  very  low  birth  weight  (VLBW)  (1500  g).  This  causes  75%  of  the prenatal  mortality  and  the  50%  of  the  children  disability.  The  aim  of  this study  was  to  assess  neuropsychological  and  emotional  impairments  in  7 year old children who were born VLBW. A clinical interview, the Children Neuropsychological  Assessment  Battery,  and  the  Behavioral  Assessment System for Children (BASC) were administrated. VLBW children showed memory  and  executive  function  deficits,  as  well  as,  behavioral  and attention  problems.  These  results  highlight  the  importance  of  long  term follow up of the VLBW children and point out the necessity of developing adequate  neuropsychological  and  emotional  treatment  program  for  these children. Key Words: Prematurity; very low birth weight children; neuropsychological and emotional consequences; Bateria de Evaluación Neuropsicologica Infantil (BENI).

Hyperspectral imaging benchmark based on machine learning for intraoperative brain tumour detection

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