Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV MIS Tompo Melalui Pemanfaatan Lingkungan Sekolah Sebagai Sumber Belajar IPA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata IPA di Kelas IV MIS Tompo melalui Pemanfaatan Lingkungan Sekolah sebagai Sumber Belajar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK), yang dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi yang mengacu pada model KemmisMc Taggart. Data yang diambil adalah data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dari hasil aktifitas siswa dan guru, sedangkan data kuantitatif diperoleh dari hasil evaluasi disetiap siklus. Hasil siklus I menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas guru adalah: 82,85% dikategorikan baik sedang aktifitas siswa adalah, 71, 1% dikategorikan cukup, dengan ketuntasan belajar Klasikal 62,5%,. Hasil siklus II menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas guru 92,85%) dengan kategori sangat baik, sedang aktifitas siswa 82,2 % dikategorikan baik, dengan persentase daya serap klasikal sebesar 86,3%. Dengan demikian maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pemanfaatan lingkungan sekolah sebagai sumber belajar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa Kelas IV MIS Tompo Kec. Taopa

FICI values for association between simvastatin and vancomycin.

<p>FICI values for association between simvastatin and vancomycin.</p

A. Mean and standard deviation of optical densities (575 nm) representing the biofilm formation of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> 29213 in the presence of simvastatin and vancomycin.

<p>Different letters represent significant differences; comparisons were made for each dilution, the control group and each concentration of simvastatin and vancomycin. B. Images obtained by SEM showing biofilm formation of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> 29213 in the presence of simvastatin. The 4xMIC, 2xMIC and MIC concentrations are in column 1 (top to bottom). The ½xMIC concentration, vehicle group (DMSO) and control group are in column 2 (top to bottom). (p<0.05, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni).</p

Effects of simvastatin on the production of polysaccharides, proteins and biomass of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> biofilm.

<p>EPSI- insoluble extracellular polysaccharide. IPS- intracellular polysaccharide. The values of polysaccharides and proteins were normalized by dry weight. Significant differences between the treatment and the control group when:</p><p>*p < 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis).</p><p>Effects of simvastatin on the production of polysaccharides, proteins and biomass of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> biofilm.</p

Mean and standard deviation of optical densities (575 nm) representing the biofilm formation of MSSA (HC 12092392) and MRSA (HC 3817719) in the presence of simvastatin and vancomycin.

<p>Different letters represent significant differences; comparisons were made for each dilution, the control group and each concentration of simvastatin and vancomycin. (p<0.05, two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni).</p

Median and 5–95 percentiles of CFU/mL representing the cell viability of <i>S</i>. <i>aureus</i> 29213 biofilm after exposure to simvastatin and vancomycin for 24 h.

<p>Significant differences between the treatment and the control group when **p < 0.01 (Kruskal-Wallis—Dunn).</p

A. Effect of simvastatin and vancomycin on cell viability during 12 h exposure, concentration equivalent to 4xMIC.

<p>B. Effect of simvastatin and vancomycin on cell viability during 12 h exposure, concentration equivalent to MIC. Comparisons were made among the different times of exposure and the time 0, before exposure to the substances (control). C. Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of simvastatin and vancomycin. PAE were compared at each concentration between the substances. (*p<0.05; ANOVA-Bonferroni).</p

Logistic regression parameters among obesity and other categorical data.

<p>Logistic regression parameters among obesity and other categorical data.</p

Demographics and the anthropometric assessment of both groups.

<p>Demographics and the anthropometric assessment of both groups.</p

The effects of subcutaneous injection of nicotine on osseointegration of machined and anodized implants in rabbits

<div><p>Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the influence of subcutaneous injection nicotine in osseointegration process on different implant surfaces. Methods: Twenty-two male rabbits were distributed into two groups according to the subcutaneous injections: (1) nicotine 3 mg/day/kg and (2) 0.9 % NaCI 3 mL/day/kg, three times a day; subgroups were then designated-machined and anodized implants were placed in the right and left tibia bones, respectively. The animals were submitted euthanasia after periods of eight weeks to determine nicotine and cotinine levels, alkaline phosphatase and biomechanical analysis. Results: The plasmatic levels of nicotine and cotinine were 0.5 ± 0.28 ng/mL and 9.5 ± 6.51 ng/mL, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase analyses in blood levels in control group were observed 40.8 ± 11.88 UI/L and 40.75 ± 12.46 UI/L, for the surfaces machined and anodized, respectively. In the test group was observed levels 37.9 ± 4.84 UI/L, for both implant surfaces. No significant differences were observed between control and test groups and between the implant surfaces regarding alkaline phosphatase blood levels. For biomechanics, no significant differences were observed in control group between the machined (25±8.46 Ncm) or anodized (31.2 ± 6.76 Ncm) implants. However, the treatment with nicotine induced higher torque than control in both machined (38.3 ± 13.52 Ncm) and anodized (35.5 ± 14.17 Ncm) implants, with p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0121, respectively. Conclusion: Subcutaneous injection of nicotine following implant insertion didn’t have effect on osseointegration, independently from the implant surface.</p></div