Actas de las V Jornadas ScienCity 2022. Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES

Ecological Impacts of Exotic Species on Native Seed Dispersal Systems: A Systematic Review

Exotic species are one of the main threats to biodiversity, leading to alterations in the structure and functioning of natural ecosystems. However, they can sometimes also provide ecological services, such as seed dispersal. Therefore, we assessed the ecological impacts of exotic species on native dispersal systems and the mechanisms underlying the disruption of mutualistic plant–disperser interactions. Exotic species negatively affect dispersal mutualisms by (i) altering dispersal behavior and visitation rates of native dispersers, (ii) predating native dispersers, (iii) transmitting forest pathogens, and (iv) predating seeds. Conversely, positive impacts include the dispersal of native plants, forest regeneration, and native habitat restoration via (i) increasing the visitation rates of frugivorous birds, (ii) facilitating the colonization and establishment of native forest trees, (iii) enhancing forest species seedling survival, and (iv) facilitating seed rain and seedling recruitment of early and late successional native plants. The reviewed studies provide similar results in some cases and opposite results in others, even within the same taxa. In almost all cases, exotic species cause negative impacts, although sometimes they are necessary to ensure native species’ persistence. Therefore, exotic species management requires a comprehensive understanding of their ecological roles, since the resulting effects rely on the complexity of native–exotic species interactions

GARP is a key molecule for mesenchymal stromal cell responses to TGF-β and fundamental to control mitochondrial ROS levels

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell therapy in regenerative medicine and for autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. However, a main hurdle for MSCs-based therapies is the loss of their proliferative potential in vitro. Here we report that glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP) is required for the proliferation and survival of adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) via its regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation. Silencing of GARP in human ASCs increased their activation of TGF-β which augmented the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), resulting in DNA damage, a block in proliferation and apoptosis. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling reduced the levels of mtROS and DNA damage and restored the ability of GARP-/low ASCs to proliferate. In contrast, overexpression of GARP in ASCs increased their proliferative capacity and rendered them more resistant to etoposide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. In summary, our data show that the presence or absence of GARP on ASCs gives rise to distinct TGF-β responses with diametrically opposing effects on ASC proliferation and survival.This work has been financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (www.isciii.es) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), from the European Union, through the research grants PI15/00794, PI18/00826, and the contract CPII15/00032 (P.A), PI15/02015, PI18/00337, and ISCIII Red de Terapia Celular (RD12/0019/0006) (F.M.). P.A. is supported by the Consejería de Salud - Junta de Andalucía through the contract "Nicolás Monardes (C-0013-2018). F.M. is supported by the Fundación Progreso y Salud (Consejería de Salud—Junta de Andalucía). A.B.C.-G. is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, through the contract PEJ-2014-A-46314. V.A. is funded by the L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women In Science Program. V.R.-M. is supported by a Miguel Servet II contract FIS/FEDER (CPII17/00032) and ISCIII/FEDER PI17/01574. S.G-P. is supported by a Miguel Servet I contract FIS/FEDER (CP14/00197). P.M. is supported by the Fundación Andaluza Progreso y Salud (Consejería de Salud—Junta de Andalucía).Ye

Box-plots of global (a and b) and per population (c and d) haplotype (a and c) and nucleotide (b and d) diversities for high and low dispersers.

<p>Box-plots of global (a and b) and per population (c and d) haplotype (a and c) and nucleotide (b and d) diversities for high and low dispersers.</p

GLMMs performed to compare genetic structure in species with high and low dispersal potential and biogeographic regions (north and south of 30°S), with respect to haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, number of substitutions, and genetic differentiation (global Φ_ST).

<p>Species were nested to dispersal in the models. For each model the AIC value is shown and the variance estimate of fixed effects (Estimate), standard error, degrees of freedom (<i>df</i>), t-value ratio and <i>P</i> values of the intercept and of the contributions of dispersal potential (DP), biogeographic region (BR) (for genetic diversities and number of substitutions) or biogeographic differentiation (BD) (for genetic differentiation), and the interaction of DP x BR and DP x BD for diversities and differentiation, respectively.</p><p>Significant values are in bold (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Estimates of migration rates (<i>m</i>) in each direction across 30°S, time of divergence (<i>t</i>) between biogeographic regions, and genetic diversities (Θ) (north = Θ_N; south = Θ_S; ancestral = Θ_A), based on the isolation-with-migration model implemented in IMa2.

<p>For each parameter per species, the high point (HP) and 95% highest posterior density (95% HPD) of the marginal posterior probabilities are shown. Significant m values of the LRT are denoted with asterisks; *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ***P<0.001. <i>t</i> was scaled using substitution rates of 2% and 10% per million years, <i>t</i> 2% and <i>t</i> 10% respectively as is expressed in thousands of years (Kyr).</p><p>Significant values are in bold.</p

Map of the study area along the coast of Chile indicating the sampling sites and the sample size per site for each of the analyzed species.

<p>Map of the study area along the coast of Chile indicating the sampling sites and the sample size per site for each of the analyzed species.</p

Species analyzed and the corresponding depth range in meters that they inhabit, and dispersal potential (DP) as number of days that larvae spend in the water column.

<p>*Considered as low dispersers in this study.</p

Latitudinal range analyzed in degrees for each species (Lat); number of localities (NL); number of sequences analyzed per species (NS); length of final truncated alignment (LA); percentage of variable sites (%V); average haplotype (h) and nucleotide (π) diversities; S_nn; global Φ_ST, and Mantel correlation coefficient (MCC).

<p>Significant values are in bold.</p

AMOVA for all species.

<p>Percentage of variation explained among groups north and south of 30°S, among populations within groups, and within populations are shown.</p><p>Values in bold indicate association to significant AMOVA’s Φ-statistics.</p