Importância socioeconômica de Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.(Macaúba) para a Associação de Pequenos Produtores Rurais de Riacho Dantas e adjacências, Montes Claros/MG

Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.,é uma espécie que possui vários nomes populares, dentre eles macaúba, pertencente à família das Arecaceae. A espécie possui um considerável valor socioeconômico, sendo utilizada como matéria prima para diversos produtos. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a importância socioeconômica de Acrocomia aculeata para a Associação de Pequenos Produtores Rurais de Riacho Dantas e Adjacência. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo de caráter qualiquantitativo onde foram aplicados dois roteiros de entrevista semiestruturada, sendo um destinado aos coletores e outro ao diretor da associação. Os resultados apresentaram-se como o esperado. Os frutos são coletados de forma manual e em sua maioria é destinado à fábrica, onde são transformados em diversos produtos, com fins comerciais, valorizando os recursos naturais do cerrado, aliado à geração de emprego e renda. Assim, conclui-se que a macaúba possui uma importância socioeconômica muito grande para a Associação, tendo em vista que, por meio das propriedades dos frutos, empregos e renda são gerados para a população, além de servir como estímulo para a preservação da espécie e do habitat no qual a mesma está inserida

Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Caryocar brasiliense in Mice

Background: Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae) is an arboreal plant native of Brasilian Cerrado and its fruit is an important source of food and income for the human population of this region. In addition to using as food, different parts of this tree have great medicinal potential as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihelmintic. However, the active metabolites those are likely to confer these pharmacological properties healing may also be toxic dependent upon the dose and route of administration. In this quest, the aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense in mice of both genders.Materials, Methods & Results: The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction, diluted in water and filtered through membrane. The toxicity of extract of fruit peels (62.5 at 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW) and leaf extract (18.75 mg/kg bw) were evaluated in males and  females mice (Mus musculus) Swiss by intraperitoneal route. For 2 control groups were administered injection water. The clinical signs and deaths were recorded up to 14 days after administration. The lethal doses for 10 (LD10) or 50 (LD50) % of population were estimated with Probit regression analysis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences of mortality frequencies between males and females. The groups treated with the two lower doses of both extracts completely abolished the clinical alteration between two and four hours after inoculation. The comportment of control group’s animals was normalized immediately after administration of injection water. The higher dose administered in both experiments were lethal for all animals, but the doses 250 mg/kg BW of fruit peels extract and 150 mg/kg  of BW of leaves extract caused mortality of 100% just in males.  However, in both experiments there were no significant differences between the mortality frequency for groups of male and female, as well the comportment of these animals when these doses were administered. Dose-dependent response was observed to mortality. The LD10 corresponded to 89.6 mg/kg BW and LD50 was 149.8 mg/kg BW for fruit peel extract. For the leaf extract , LD10 and LD50 were 33.35 and 67.01 mg/kg BW, respectively.Discussion: Aqueous extracts of the fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense were classified as very toxic since the LD50 ranged from 50 to 500 mg / kg BW. For both extracts, similar behavioral changes were observed. Among the secondary metabolites present in fruit peel and leaves, saponins and tannins can promote nervous symptoms. Although there are no records in the literature about animals and human orally intoxicated with any part of C. brasiliense, the development of specific studies to determine its toxicity is relevant, considering the social and ecological importance of this plant

Anthelmintic activity of Annona crassiflora leaves against Haemonchus contortus: part 1: in vitro inhibition of the hatchability and larval development

We evaluated the activity of Annona crassiflora leaves against Haemonchus contortus resistant to albendazol.  Aqueous (AE), ethanolic (EE) and ethyl acetate (EAE) extracts were produced and the predominant presence of flavonoids was observed in HPLC-DAD chromatograms. Initially we evaluated the larval development inhibition (LDI) of dry A. crassiflora leaf powder or its AE directly in fecal quantitative cultures. The efficacies of the extracts, with or without tannins, on egg hatching inhibition (EHI) were investigated reveling that the EE was the most effective (LC90 = 8.96 mg/mL). However, after tannin removal, AE showed the highest activity (LC90 = 4.27 mg/mL). In the LDI test, the LC90 of AE was < 6.25 mg/g of fecal culture and to leaf powder of leaves was 69.14 mg/g.  High efficacies of AE and EE for EHI were detected and the tannins were not the main active metabolites. The anthelmintic potential of this plant could be attributed to association between flavonoids and other metabolites

Anthelmintic activity of Annona crassiflora leaves against Haemonchus contortus: part 2: efficacy in vivo and blood parameters

In this study we evaluated the oral toxicity of leaf extracts of Annona crassiflora of for mice and the blood and parasitological parameters of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and treated with leaves of this plant. The highest dose of AE (aqueous extract) administered to mice (203.0 mg/kg bw) was well tolerated, suggesting low toxicity. At necropsy, macroscopic examination revealed no abnormalities of the evaluated viscera.  Lambs infected with the nematode were divided one group treated with leaf powder and a control group that did not treat. Split-plot design analysis was performed where the treatments were defined as plots and three periods of collection were defined as subplots. Similar performances to weight gain were observed among the lamb groups. The oral administration of leaf powder at 2.75g /Kg bw did not alter the physiological blood parameters in comparison to untreated lambs; however, this dose was not efficient to fecal egg reduction.    We consider that other formulations and administration protocols should be evaluated to promote an effective alternative control using the leaves of this plant

Influência da estrutura da vegetação na seleção da dieta de ovinos em pastejo, em área de cerrado

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T16:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 franciellen.pdf: 23817971 bytes, checksum: 25638d2dc0826cf569391e85bd700ab7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 5Levantamentos florísticos e fitossociológicos indicam o manejo adequado dos diversos biomas existentes, assim como resultam em estratégias agroecológicas para determinar a dieta de ruminantes. Objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa caracterizar a vegetação em área de cerrado, no norte de Minas Gerais e avaliar a composição da dieta selecionada por ovinos em pastejo nessa área. Para o levantamento das espécies, foi selecionada uma área de 1,52 ha e foi utilizado o método de parcelas. Para as arbustivas-arbóreas foram utilizadas 38 parcelas de 20 m × 20 m. Para o estrato regenerante dessa categoria 38 subparcelas de 5 m × 5 m. Para as espécies herbáceas foram realizados dois transectos com 283 pontos cada um (566 m), e a cada dois metros foi lançado ao solo um quadrado de 0,50 m × 0,50 m, onde as espécies dentro da delimitação do quadrado foram coletadas. Foram amostrados 1.288 indivíduos arbóreos, 102 regenerantes e 1.395 herbáceos agrupados em 94 espécies vegetais, distribuídas em 72 gêneros e 33 famílias botânicas. A caracterização da dieta dos ruminantes foi realizada por meio do comportamento alimentar de três ovinos e avaliada através do índice de seletividade, durante as estações seca e chuvosa entre os meses de abril/2009 e março/2010. A observação, por meio do comportamento alimentar das espécies selecionadas pelos animais, permitiu que as mesmas fossem coletadas in natura e identificadas. As espécies Andropogon sp., Baccharis tridentada, Casearia sylvestris, Paullinia sp., Schinopsis brasiliensis e Ximenia americana apresentaram índices de seletividade altos, devido à época e quantidade do recurso na área. As espécies selecionadas com frequência Evolvulus sp., Erythroxylum deciduum, Heteropterys byrsonimifolia, Stylosanthes spp., Lippia sidoides e Senna sp. são importantes para o manejo adequado da vegetação, em função da alta disponibilidade das mesmas na área. Essas espécies são determinantes na concentração de estudos, pois proporcionam a manutenção da área de cerrado e podem agir como bioindicadores nutricional e potencial na alimentação de ruminantes.Floristic and phytosociological surveys indicate the appropriate management of the various existing biomes, as well as they result in agroecological strategies to determine the diet of ruminants. The objective of this research was to characterize the vegetation in an area of cerrado in the north of Minas Gerais and to evaluate the composition of the diet selected by ovine grazing in this area. To survey the species was carried out in 1,52 ha and used the method of parcel. To shrub-arboreous species 20 m × 20 m. To the stratum regenerating 5 m × 5 m. To the herbaceous were performed two transects, with 283 points each (566 m). In each two meters, was released to the ground a square of 0,50 m × 0,50 m, where species within the delimitation of the square were collected. Were sampled 1288 arboreous individuals, 102 regeneranting and 1395 herbaceous, grouped in 94 vegetal species distributed in 72 genus and 33 botanical families.The characterization of the diet of ruminants was performed using the feeding behavior of three sheep and evaluated through the selectivity index, during the dry and rainy season between the months of April of 2009 and March of 2010. The observation of the feeding behavior of the species selected by animals, allowed that they be collected in natura and identified. The species Andropogon sp., Baccharis tridentada, Casearia sylvestris, Paullinia sp., Schinopsis brasiliensis and Ximenia americana showed high levels of selectivity, due to time and quantity of the resource in the area. The selected species with frequency Evolvulus sp., Erythroxylum deciduum, Heteropterys byrsonimifolia and Stylosanthes spp., Lippia sidoides and Senna sp., are important for the proper management of vegetation, by the high availability of the same in the area. These species are determinant in the concentration of studies, because they provide the maintenance of the cerrado, and can act as nutritional and potential bioindicators in the feeding of ruminants

INFLUÊNCIA DA ESTRUTURA DA VEGETAÇÃO NA SELEÇÃO DA DIETA POR OVINOS EM ÁREA DE CERRADO

It was objective to evaluate the influence of vegetation structure in the selection of plant species by sheep in Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). The research was conducted in an area of Cerrado sensu stricto in the north of Minas Gerais between January 2009 and March 2010. A phytosociological survey conducted the anal-ysis of the vegetation structure, using the plot method. In the tree stratum were delimited 38 continuous plots of 20 m × 20 m. In the regenerant stratum, were allocated sub-plots of 5 m × 5 m. In herbaceous stratum were made two transects in the area of pasture and every 2 m, with the movable square of 0.50 cm × 0.50 cm, 283 points for each transect (566 m).To the identification of the selected species, were used three sheep of the breed Santa Inês, which were kept by grazing in the experimental area and accompanied by observers. In the vegetation were identified 1288 tree, 102 regenerating and 1388 herbaceous individuals, grouped in 117 species distributed in 72 genera and 33 families, among these species: Tachigali rugosa, Heteropterys by sonimifolia, Astronium fraxinifolium, Lantana fucata, Evolvulus sp. e Rhynchospora sp. were important. The selected spe-cies by sheep in grazing, both in the rainy and dry season, in more than 50% species were: Casearia sylvestris, Erythroxylum deciduum, Heteropterys by sonimifolia e Ximenia americana. The feeding preference of sheep in the rainy season was by the species of herbaceous stratum, in the dry period by the species of the tree and re-generating strata. These species are structural bio-indicators of the Cerrado biome, for the grazing of sheep. It is necessary to evaluate, identify and quantify the chemical compounds of selected vegetal species because these can act as nutritional bio-indicators and potential in sheep feeding

Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Caryocar brasiliense in Mice

Background: Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae) is an arboreal plant native of Brasilian Cerrado and its fruit is an important source of food and income for the human population of this region. In addition to using as food, different parts of this tree have great medicinal potential as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihelmintic. However, the active metabolites those are likely to confer these pharmacological properties healing may also be toxic dependent upon the dose and route of administration. In this quest, the aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense in mice of both genders.Materials, Methods & Results: The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction, diluted in water and filtered through membrane. The toxicity of extract of fruit peels (62.5 at 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW) and leaf extract (18.75 mg/kg bw) were evaluated in males and  females mice (Mus musculus) Swiss by intraperitoneal route. For 2 control groups were administered injection water. The clinical signs and deaths were recorded up to 14 days after administration. The lethal doses for 10 (LD10) or 50 (LD50) % of population were estimated with Probit regression analysis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences of mortality frequencies between males and females. The groups treated with the two lower doses of both extracts completely abolished the clinical alteration between two and four hours after inoculation. The comportment of control group’s animals was normalized immediately after administration of injection water. The higher dose administered in both experiments were lethal for all animals, but the doses 250 mg/kg BW of fruit peels extract and 150 mg/kg  of BW of leaves extract caused mortality of 100% just in males.  However, in both experiments there were no significant differences between the mortality frequency for groups of male and female, as well the comportment of these animals when these doses were administered. Dose-dependent response was observed to mortality. The LD10 corresponded to 89.6 mg/kg BW and LD50 was 149.8 mg/kg BW for fruit peel extract. For the leaf extract , LD10 and LD50 were 33.35 and 67.01 mg/kg BW, respectively.Discussion: Aqueous extracts of the fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense were classified as very toxic since the LD50 ranged from 50 to 500 mg / kg BW. For both extracts, similar behavioral changes were observed. Among the secondary metabolites present in fruit peel and leaves, saponins and tannins can promote nervous symptoms. Although there are no records in the literature about animals and human orally intoxicated with any part of C. brasiliense, the development of specific studies to determine its toxicity is relevant, considering the social and ecological importance of this plant

Plants of the Cerrado with antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli from cattle

Abstract Background Both diarrhea in calves and mastitis in cows limit cattle production. The bacteria involved in these diseases have shown multi-resistance to antimicrobials, however plant metabolites therefore can provide an alternative method of control. This study selected and characterized Cerrado plant extracts showing inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. from cattle. Thirteen leaf extracts were initially screened and diameters of inhibition zones produced against the pathogens were recorded using an agar disk diffusion method. Total condensed tannin contents were determined and antibacterial activities were analyzed after tannin removal from the five selected extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were evaluated by macro-dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and the extracts were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography. Results Inter- and intra-specific bacterial variations in the susceptibility to the extracts were detected. The aqueous extract (AE) from Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. leaves produced larger inhibition zones against E. coli strains than did other selected extracts. However, the AE from Schinopsis brasiliensis was the most effective against Staphylococcus spp. strains (P < 0.001). The MIC of ethanolic extracts (EE) from C. brasiliense (0.27 mg/mL) and S. brasiliensis (0.17 mg/mL) were lower than those of other extracts. The MIC and MBC of the Annona crassiflora EE were 6.24 mg/mL for all bacteria. Flavonoids were the main metabolites detected in the A. crassiflora EE as well as in the AE and EE from C. brasiliense, while tannins were the main metabolites in the S. brasiliensis leaf extracts. Conclusion The AE from C. brasiliense was more effective against Gram-negative bacteria, while the AE from S. brasiliensis was more effective against Gram-positive bacteria. A. crassiflora EE and S. brasiliensis extracts are potent bactericide. After removal of the tannins, no antimicrobial effects were observed, indicating that these metabolites are the main active antibacterial components

Blood parameters of sheep with high infection of Haemonchus contortus and treated with “mushroom of the sun” (Agaricus blazei)

Avaliou-se os parâmetros sanguíneos e parasitológicos de ovinos infectados experimentalmente com Haemonchus contortus e tratados com “cogumelo do sol” (Agaricus blazei). Cordeiros infectados com o nematódeo foram distribuídos em três grupos: tratados com pó do basidiocarpo do fungo, vermifugados com triclorfon e grupo controle, que não recebeu anti-helmíntico. Utilizou-se delineamento em parcelas subdivididas, sendo os tratamentos as parcelas e quatro períodos de coletas, as subparcelas. Verificou-se interação dos tratamentos e dos períodos de coleta para o número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). O tratamento com “cogumelo do sol” apresentou eficácia anti-helmíntica variando de 28,6% a 54,2%, entretanto o desempenho foi semelhante entre os grupos. Verificou-se interação significativa dos tratamentos e os períodos avaliados para as contagens de eritrócitos, o valor do hematócrito e as concentrações séricas de albumina e ureia. Os valores do volume corpuscular médio, da amplitude de distribuição de eritrócitos, as contagens de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos, monócitos e eosinófilos, bem como o volume plaquetário médio variaram entre os dias de coleta. A administração do “cogumelo do sol” reduziu o OPG, não influenciou a contagem de eritrócitos e o valor do hematócrito, que estiveram dentro dos limites da normalidade, e aumentou significativamente as concentrações séricas de albumina.Blood and parasitological parameters of sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and treated with “mushroom of the sun” (Agaricus blazei) were assessed. Lambs infected with the nematode were divided into three groups: treated with basidiocarp powder from the fungus, wormed with trichlorfon, and a control group that did not receive anthelmintic. Split-plot design analysis was performed where the treatments were defined as plots and four periods of collection were defined as subplots. Interaction between the treatments and the collection periods for the fecal egg counts per gram of feces (FEC) was observed. Treatment with “mushroom of the sun” showed anthelmintic efficacies ranging from 28.6 to 54.2%. Similar performances to weight gain were observed among the groups. A significant interaction between treatments and evaluation periods was observed for erythrocyte counts, hematocrit value, and serum concentrations of albumin and urea. The values of the mean corpuscular volume, erythrocyte distribution width, and leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts, as well as the mean platelet volume, varied among the collection days. The administration of “mushroom of the sun” significantly reduced the FEC, did not influence on the erythrocyte count and hematocrit value, which remained within normal limits. However it increased the serum concentrations of albumin