Ethical Aspects Concerning Endodontic Instrument Fracture

Aim: The aim of this study was to address several ethical aspects concerning the behavior of endodontists and general dentists regarding endodontic instrument fracture during root canal treatment. Methods: The responses of a group of professionals (endodontists and general dentists) to a questionnaire were reviewed and analyzed statistically by Fisher's Exact and chi-square tests at 5% significance level. Results: Forty-six percent of the interviewees responded that they would try to solve the problem without informing the patient about the accident. Only 28.1% of the participants affirmed that they would let the patient know right at the moment of occurrence. Conclusions: The outcomes of this survey demonstrate that most professionals are afraid of informing their patient about an accidental endodontic instrument breakage during treatment and might be subject to lawsuits.72515351538Leite, V.G., Odontologia legal (1962) Bahia: Era NovaCoehn, S., Burns, R.C., (1980) Caminhos da polpa, , 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan;Frank, A.L., The dilemma of the fractured instrument (1983) J Endod, 9, pp. 515-516Cohen, S., Endodontic treatment: Avoid these malpractice traps (1988) Dent Manag, 28 (36-38), p. 40Imura, N., Zuolo, M.L., (1988) Procedimentos clínicos em endodontia, , São Paulo: Pancast;Walton, R.E., Torabinejad, M., (1997) Principios e prática em endodontia, , 2.ed. São Paulo: Santos;Itoh, A., Higuchi, N., Minami, G., Yasue, T., Yoshida, T., Maseki, T., A survey of filling methods, intracanal medications, and instruments breakage (1999) J Endod, 25, pp. 823-824Ree, M.H., Timmerman, M.F., Wesselink, P.R., Factors influencing referral for specialist endodontic treatment amongst a group of Dutch general practitioners (2003) Int Endod J, 36, pp. 129-134De Deus, Q.D., (1992) Endodontia, , 5.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Medsi;Leonardo, M.R., Leal, J.M., (1998) Endodontia: Tratamento dos canais radiculares, , 3.ed. São Paulo: Panamericana

Identificação do agente infeccioso HIV existente nos cadáveres que deram entrada no Instituto Medico Legal na cidade de Volta Redonda

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar a existência ou não do agente etiológico HIV em cadáveres, no intuito de determinar se a pesquisa necroscópica é fator de risco de transmissão para a equipe envolvida na execução do ato investigatório, comparando os resultados com os da literatura mundial. O estudo ocorreu na área de Odontologia Legal e Deontologia da FOP-UNICAMP e no SML de Volta Redonda – RJ onde realizou-se a coleta de sangue retirada da câmara atrial cardíaca dos 50 cadáveres que deram entrada no período de 18 de maio a 26 de junho de 2009. O procedimento para análise imunológica foi feito pelo teste rápido de HIV e pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Dos 50 cadáveres examinados, 46 foram do sexo masculino e 4 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 21 a 50 anos, tendo como maior causa de morte o traumatismo por acidente no transito e por projétil de arma de fogo em homicídio. Houve um único resultado positivo para HIV no teste ELISA e no teste rápido (quimioluminescência) das amostras analisadas. O estudo concluiu que há riscos para os Médico-legistas, Odonto-legistas e técnicos de necropsia de infeccionar-se com o HIV nos procedimentos de necropsia, desde que não se respeite as diretrizes de biossegurança para os atos operatórios que envolvam risco biológico. Tendo este trabalho detectado a presença do HIV em 2,4% das amostras efetivamente examinadas

Anthropometric Comparison between Mandibles from Uruguayan and Brazilian Populations

The human mandibles belonging to Uruguayan population present some anatomic differences with those belonging to Brazilian population. This appears to be determined by racial and ethnic characteristics of each country. This study examined the morphological characteristics of 100 Uruguayan mandibles and compared them with similar number of Brazilian bones, using thirteen measurements stipulated by Humphrey et al. (1999). The significant variations in mean values were calculated by Mann-Whitney test (alpha=5%). Expressive discrepancies were observed between the two populations regarding some of analyzed dimensions. The Uruguayan mandibles showed higher values in almost all measurements when compared to the Brazilian ones, except for the mandibular symphysis height, which was lightly higher in Brazilian mandibles. Differences were observed in notch and ramus height, mandibular length, mandibular width, symphysis height and bicoronoid width. Several factors could be responsible for these morphological discrepancies, including functional and biomechanical adaptations of stomatognathic system, stimulated by different consistency of the diet or miscegenation.30237938

Dental Assistant's Awareness Of Their Professional Limits In Orthodontic Treatment [percepção Dos Auxiliares Odontológicos Na Clínica Ortodôntica Quanto Aos Seus Limites De Atuação Profissional]

Introduction: nowadays the odontological market demands treatments with a distinguished quality and the proper use of dental assistants represents an important tool to increase productivity in dental offices. In order to do so, those professionals must be technically capable and involved with the job, following their tasks based on ethics and legal requirements of dental professions. Aim: to identify the assistant team technical profile, analyzing their awareness concerning their legal prerogatives in orthodontic treatment. Methods: the present paper was developed upon a questionnaire that was answered by all dental assistants legally registered in the Goiás State Dental Board (CRO-GO) and applied in the cities of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia/GO - Brazil. The research was conducted from May to June, 2003. Results and Conclusions: it was verified that several procedures that were not legally defined as assistant team tasks were being performed by those professionals. This results shows that Dentistry's professional laws have been either ignored or not followed.1433439Barros, O.B., Auxiliares em Ortodontia (2005) Rev. Clin. Ortodon., 4 (2), pp. 41-45. , Dental Press, Maringá, abr./maio(2005) Consolidação das normas para procedimentos nos conselhos de Odontologia, , http://www.cfo.org.br, BRASIL. Conselho Federal de Odontologia, Aprovado pela Resolução CFO n° 63. Rio de Janeiro, 2005. Disponível em:, Acesso em: 10 janConselho Federal de Odontologia (2007) Código de ética odontológica, , http://www.cfo.org.br, BRASIL., Aprovado pela Resolução CFO n°42. Rio de Janeiro. 2003. Disponível em:, Acesso em: 10 janEleutério, D., Silva Filho, F.P.M., Freqüência da utilização da auxiliar odontológica na atividade clínica do cirurgião-dentista (1981) Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent., 35 (2), pp. 118-124. , São Paulo, mar./abrGarcia, P.P.N.S., Terence, R.L., Souza, A.C., Avaliação de cirurgiões-dentistas quanto ao uso de pessoal auxiliar na organização do atendimento clínico (2004) Rev. Odontol. UNESP, 33 (1), pp. 25-32. , Araraquara, jan./marPimenta, A., Dentista, X., THD (1994) Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent., 48 (6), pp. 1512-1522. , São PauloSaliba, T.A., Eleutério, D., Saliba, C.A., Moimaz, S.A.S., Trabalho odontológico auxiliado em serviços públicos e particulares (1998) RPG: Rev. Pós-Grad., 5 (3), pp. 171-176. , São Paulo, jul./setSbravati, R.S., Meneghim, M.C., Pereira, A.C., THD no mercado de trabalho: Uma realidade? (1999) ROBRAC, 8 (25), pp. 37-39. , Goiânia, agoSerra, M.C., Garcia, P.P.N.S., Delegação de funções: utilização de pessoal auxiliar na clínica odontológica (2002) Rev. ABO Nac., 10 (2), pp. 98-104. , São Paulo, abr./maioSilva, R.F., Monini, A.C., Daruge Jr., E., Francesquini Jr., L., Lenza, M.A., Utilização de auxiliares odontológicos em Ortodontia - implicações éticas e legais (2006) Rev. Dental Press Ortodon. Ortop. Facial, 11 (5), pp. 121-128. , Maringá, set./outTomasso, S., (2001) Atribuições dos auxiliares odontológicos e suas implicações éticas e legais, , 2001. Dissertação (Mestrado)-Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicab

Standardization of teste for evaluation of temporomandibular dysfunction and its skilful importance

As disfunções da articulação têmporo-mandibular atingem cerca de 20% da população adulta. Frequentemente, o odontolegista e/ou o cirurgião dentista clínico geral se deparam com a difícil tarefa de avaliar e quantificar o dano produzido, quando da instalação de um quadro de disfunção têmporo-mandibular, quer seja ela provocada por fatores oclusair, psicológicos, estruturais ou oriundos das mais variadas formas de acidentes, ou mesmo resultantes de atos profissionais. Tendo-se em vista esses fatores e a falta de padronização dos métodos e técnicas de avaliação da área afetada, bem como de todos os reflexos no organismo, e da necessidade de se estabelecer para as autoridades competentes o "quantum" de redução funcional que o portador desta disfunção sofreu, para se determinar o valor a ser pago em uma posterior indenização, visto que o Código Civil assim estabelece em seu artigo nº 1.545, foi realizada, no presente trabalho uma padronização sequenciada dos métodos e técnicas utilizadas, visando uma melhor quantificação e avaliação da disfunção têmporo-mandibular. Nesta padronização, utilizamos uma anamnese inicial (através de um questionário pré-formulado), exame físico (palpação muscular, articular, análise oclusal funcional), exame dos modelos articulados, exames radiográficos (radiografia panorâmica, transcraniana e tomografia), exames eletromiográficos, sendo que, da somatória dos resultados, obtivemos o grau de destruição ou perda de função da articulação têmporo-mandibular. Com base nos procedimentos realizados no presente trabalho nos foi possível avaliar de forma ampla e objetiva, bem como quantificar os danos provocados no aparelho estomatognático e os seus reflexos.The temporomandibular articulation dysfunction reaches around 20% of adult population. Frequently the odontolegist and/or the general practice dentist meet with the hard work to evaluat and quantify the produced damage, when he realizes the installation of all the symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction, caused by any of these factors: occlusion, psychological, structural or originated from different kinds of accidentes or resulted from professional acts. Because of the absence of methods and techniques' standardization to evaluate the affected area and the consequences of this dysfunction in the organism, and the necessity to establish the "quantum" of functional reduction to the responsible authorities to determine the value of a posterior indemnity, it was done in this study a standardization of the methods and techniques used, aiming a better quantification and evaluation of this temporomandibular dysfunction. It was made an initial anamnesis (previous formulate questionnaire) besides a physical, radiographic and electromyography examination. Analyzing the total of these results, we obtained the destruction level of temporomandibular articulation function. Based in the procedures made in this study it was possible to evaluate and also to quantify the damages caused at the stomatognathic system and the its consequences

Identificação humana pela superposição das imagens de fotografia, do crânio e de radiografias padronizadas

In the present work it was used a standard of technique overlaping the image of the skull radiography photography worked with twenty-four skulls of dead body in skeletonization phase, in sideward and frontal norm. The skulls were marked with the craniometric points through of a sphere of plumbum. The radiometric points can be registered in the radiography obtained in the skulls. The result obtained demonstrated the treatment of the precision of the technique to finish of the human identification, where in all the cases that constitutes the sampling, the utilization of the correct technique, enable the identification with big safety.No presente trabalho foi empregada uma técnica padronizada de superposição de imagens fotografia-crânio-radiografia, utilizando-se de 24 crânios de cadáveres em fase de esqueletização, em norma lateral e frontal. Os crânios foram demarcados com os pontos craniométricos através de esferas de chumbo. Os pontos cefalométricos foram registrados nas fotografias fornecidas por familiares e os pontos radiométricos registrados nas radiografias obtidas dos crânios. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram tratar-se de uma técnica precisa para fins de identificação humana, pois em todos os casos que constituíram a amostragem, o emprego da técnica realizada possibilitou a identificação com maior segurança

Age Estimation by Measurements of Developing Teeth: Accuracy of Cameriere's Method on a Brazilian Sample

Developing teeth are commonly the criteria used for age estimation in children and young adults. The method developed by Cameriere et al. (Int J Legal Med 2006;120:49-52) is based on measures of teeth with open apex, and application of a formula, to estimate chronological age of children. The present study evaluated a sample of panoramic radiographs from Brazilian children from 5 to 15 years of age, to evaluate the accuracy of the method proposed by Cameriere et al. The results has proven the system reliable for age estimation, with a median residual error of -0.014 years between chronological and estimated ages (p = 0.603). There was a slight tendency to overestimate the ages of 5-10 years and underestimate the ages of 11-15 years.5661616161

Identification Of Sex Using Cranial Base Measurements.

It is well known that the skull provides elements for sex identification. Twenty-two bones form the cephalic cranium and they are divided into neurocranium and splancnocranium. This research aimed to study different characteristics between skulls from both sexes by evaluating the following measurements: mastoid notch to incisive foramen (right and left side); mastoid notch to mastoid notch; and incisive foramen to basion. In order to do so, two hundred skulls were selected (100 males and 100 females), with information about the age of the subjects (20-55 years old), sex and ethnic group known according to records at the Imaculada Conceicao Cemetery, located in the city of Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Measurements were taken using a digital calliper. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis (logistic regression and discriminate function) and showed dimorphic characteristics within the measurements. A formula with 79.9% accuracy was established for sex identification (logito = 25.2772 - 0.1601 x incisive foramen to basion - 0.0934 x mastoid notch - mastoid notch). The authors have concluded that the method is efficient and suitable for anthropology and forensic purposes. The research also showed that the analysis may be carried out using a practical computer program.257-1

On The Energy Efficiency And Performance Of Irregular Application Executions On Multicore, Numa And Manycore Platforms

Until the last decade, performance of HPC architectures has been almost exclusively quantified by their processing power. However, energy efficiency is being recently considered as important as raw performance and has become a critical aspect to the development of scalable systems. These strict energy constraints guided the development of a new class of so-called light-weight manycore processors. This study evaluates the computing and energy performance of two well-known irregular NP-hard problems-the Traveling-Salesman Problem (TSP) and K-Means clustering-and a numerical seismic wave propagation simulation kernel-Ondes3D-on multicore, NUMA, and manycore platforms. First, we concentrate on the nontrivial task of adapting these applications to a manycore, specifically the novel MPPA-256 manycore processor. Then, we analyze their performance and energy consumption on those different machines. Our results show that applications able to fully use the resources of a manycore can have better performance and may consume from 3.8 × to 13 × less energy when compared to low-power and general-purpose multicore processors, respectively.763248Andreolli, C., Thierry, P., Borges, L., Yount, C., Skinner, G., Genetic algorithm based auto-tuning of seismic applications on multi and manycore computers (2014) EAGE Workshop on High Performance Computing for Upstream, Amsterdam, Netherlands, , http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20141920, SeptemberAochi, H., Ulrich, T., Ducellier, A., Dupros, F., Michea, D., Finite difference simulations of seismic wave propagation for understanding earthquake physics and predicting ground motions: Advances and challenges (2013) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 454, p. 012010Aubry, P., Beaucamps, P.-E., Blanc, F., Bobin, B., Carpov, S., Cudennec, L., David, V., Sirdey, R., Extended cyclostatic dataflow program compilation and execution for an integrated manycore processor (2013) International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS, Vol. 18, pp. 1624-1633. , Elsevier Barcelona, SpainBoillot, L., Barucq, H., Calandra, H., Diaz, J., (Portable) task-based programming model for elastodynamics EAGE Workshop on HPC for Upstream, , Chania, GreeceBrooks, D., Bose, P., Schuster, S.E., Power-aware microarchitecture: Design and modeling challenges for next-generation microprocessors (2000) IEEE Micro, 20, pp. 26-44Castro, M., Francesquini, E., Nguélé, T.M., Méhaut, J.-F., Analysis of computing and energy performance of multicore, NUMA, and manycore platforms for an irregular application (2013) Workshop on Irregular Applications: Architectures & Algorithms (IA3) - Supercomputing Conference (SC), , ACM Denver, EUA p. Article No. 5Collino, F., Perfectly matched absorbing layers for the paraxial equations (1997) J. Comput. Phys., 131, pp. 164-180Cui, Y., Olsen, K., Jordan, T., Lee, K., Zhou, J., Small, P., Roten, D., Maechling, P., Scalable earthquake simulation on petascale supercomputers High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis, SC, 2010 International Conference, pp. 1-20Datta, K., Kamil, S., Williams, S., Oliker, L., Shalf, J., Yelick, K., Optimization and performance modeling of stencil computations on modern microprocessors (2009) SIAM Rev., 51, pp. 129-159Dhillon, I., Modha, D., A data-clustering algorithm on distributed memory multiprocessors (2000) Large-Scale Parallel Data Mining, 1759, pp. 245-260. , M. Zaki, C.-T. Ho, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer Berlin, HeidelbergDupros, F., Aochi, H., Ducellier, A., Komatitsch, D., Roman, J., Exploiting intensive multithreading for the efficient simulation of 3D seismic wave propagation International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering, pp. 253-260. , São Paulo, BrazilDupros, F., Do, H.-T., Aochi, H., On scalability issues of the elastodynamics equations on multicore platforms (2013) International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS, 18, pp. 1226-1234. , Procedia Computer Science Elsevier Barcelona, SpainDupros, F., Pousa, C., Carissimi, A., Méhaut, J.-F., Parallel simulations of seismic wave propagation on NUMA architectures (2010) International Parallel Computing Conference, ParCo, 19, pp. 67-74. , Advances in Parallel Computing IOS Press Lyon, FranceFleig, T., Mattes, O., Karl, W., Evaluation of adaptive memory management techniques on the Tilera TILE-Gx platform (2014) International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS, pp. 88-96. , VDE Verlag Luebeck, DeutschlandFurumura, T., Chen, L., Parallel simulation of strong ground motions during recent and historical damaging earthquakes in Tokyo, Japan (2005) Parallel Comput., 31, pp. 149-165. , Parallel Graphics and VisualizationGharaibeh, A., Santos-Neto, E., Costa, L.B.A., Ripeanu, M., The energy case for graph processing on hybrid CPU and GPU systems (2013) Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Irregular Applications: Architectures and Algorithms, pp. 21-28. , IA3'13 ACM New York, NY, USAGöddeke, D., Komatitsch, D., Geveler, M., Ribbrock, D., Rajovic, N., Puzovic, N., Ramirez, A., Energy efficiency vs. Performance of the numerical solution of PDEs: An application study on a low-Power ARM-Based cluster (2013) J. Comput. Phys., 237, pp. 132-150Gursoy, A., Data decomposition for parallel k-means clustering (2004) Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, 3019, pp. 241-248. , R. Wyrzykowski, J. Dongarra, M. Paprzycki, J. Was̈niewski, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Springer Berlin, HeidelbergHähnel, M., Döbel, B., Völp, M., Härtig, H., Measuring energy consumption for short code paths using RAPL (2012) ACM SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev., 40, pp. 13-17Jain, A.K., Dubes, R.C., (1988) Algorithms for Clustering Data, , Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USAKanungo, T., Mount, D., Netanyahu, N., Piatko, C., Silverman, R., Wu, A., An efficient k-means clustering algorithm: Analysis and implementation (2002) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 24, pp. 881-892Kaufman, L., Rousseeuw, P.J., (1990) Finding Groups in Data: An Introduction to Cluster Analysis, , John Wiley and Sons New YorkLaporte, G., The traveling salesman problem: An overview of exact and approximate algorithms (1992) European J. Oper. Res., 59, pp. 231-247Larus, J., Spending Moore's dividend (2009) Commun. ACM, 52, pp. 62-69De Dinechin, B.D., De Massas, P.G., Lager, G., Léger, C., Orgogozo, B., Reybert, J., Strudel, T., A distributed run-time environment for the Kalray MPPA-256 integrated manycore processor (2013) Intl. Conference on Computational Science, ICCS, Vol. 18, pp. 1654-1663. , Elsevier Barcelona, SpainLi, H., Sudarsan, H.L., Stumm, M., Sevcik, K.C., Locality and loop scheduling on NUMA multiprocessors (1993) International Conference on Parallel Processing, ICPP, Vol. 2, pp. 140-147. , IEEE Computer Society Syracuse, USALove, R., Korner, K., CPU affinity (2003) Linux J., (111)Madariaga, R., Dynamics of an expanding circular fault (1976) Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer., 66, pp. 639-666Moczo, P., Robertsson, J.O.A., Eisner, L., The finite-difference time-domain method for modeling of seismic wave propagation (2007) Advances in Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous Media, 48, pp. 421-516. , Advances in Geophysics Elsevier, Academic PressMorari, A., Tumeo, A., Villa, O., Secchi, S., Valero, M., Efficient sorting on the Tilera manycore architecture (2012) IEEE International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing, SBAC-PAD, pp. 171-178. , IEEE Computer Society New York, USAOu, Z., Pang, B., Deng, Y., Nurminen, J., Ylä-Jääski, A., Hui, P., Energy and cost-efficiency analysis of ARM-based clusters (2012) IEEE/ACM Intl. Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing, CCGrid, pp. 115-123. , IEEE Computer Society Ottawa, CanadaPadoin, E.L., De Oliveira, D.A.G., Velho, P., Navaux, P., Time-to-solution and energy-to-solution: A comparison between ARM and Xeon (2012) Workshop on Applications for Multi-Core Architectures, WAMCA, pp. 48-53. , IEEE Computer Society New York, USARajovic, N., The low-power architecture approach towards exascale computing (2011) Workshop on Scalable Algorithms for Large-Scale Systems (ScalA), pp. 1-2. , ACM New York, USARao, S., Prasad, E.V., Venkateswarlu, N.B., A scalable k-means clustering algorithm on multi-core architecture (2009) Proceeding of International Conference on Methods and Models in Computer Science, pp. 1-9. , ICM2CS 2009Rodrigues, L., Zarate, L., Nobre, C., Freitas, H., Parallel and distributed kmeans to identify the translation initiation site of proteins Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC, 2012 IEEE International Conference, pp. 1639-1645Rotem, E., Naveh, A., Ananthakrishnan, A., Weissmann, E., Rajwan, D., Power-management architecture of the intel microarchitecture code-named sandy bridge (2012) IEEE Micro, 32, pp. 20-27Tesser, R.K., Pilla, L.L., Dupros, F., Navaux, P.O.A., Méhaut, J.-F., Mendes, C., Improving the performance of seismic wave simulations with dynamic load balancing (2014) Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing, PDP, pp. 196-203. , IEEE Computer Society Turin, ItalyTotoni, E., Behzad, B., Comparing the power and performance of Intel's SCC to state-of-the-art CPUs and GPUs (2012) IEEE Intl. Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software, ISPASS, pp. 78-87. , IEEE Computer Society New Brunswick, CanadaXu, R., Wunsch, I.I.D., Survey of clustering algorithms (2005) IEEE Trans. Neural Netw., 16, pp. 645-67