Gastric cancer and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Incidence of gastric cancer after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Radiolabelled cytokines for imaging chronic inflammation

Diagnosis and particularly follow-up of chronic inflammatory disorders could be often difficult in clinical practice. Indeed, traditional radiological techniques reveal only structural tissue alterations and are not able to monitor functional changes occurring in tissues affected by chronic inflammation. The continuous advances in the knowledge of the pathophysioloy of chronic disorders, combined with the progress of radiochemistry, led to the development of new specific radiolabelled agents for the imaging of chronic diseases. In this scenario, cytokines, due to their pivotal role in such diseases, represent good candidates as radiopharmaceuticals

Identification of viable myocardium in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction: role of MRI.

Nineteen patients (16 men and 3 women, mean age 51 years) with previous anterior myocardial infarction and severe stenosis (> or = 90%) of the left anterior descending coronary artery were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without and with contrast media to verify the capability of MRI in identifying viable myocardium in areas of severe systolic dysfunction. In corresponding left ventricular segments, a comparison was made between regional signal intensities (SI) determined on MRI images before and 4, 8, 12, and 30 minutes after administration of paramagnetic contrast media (gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 0.4 mmol/kg intravenously) and metabolic parameters determined by iodine 123 phenylpentadecanoic acid (IPPA) scintigraphy. The SI and the time of maximum postcontrast enhancement were analyzed by dividing the left ventricle into 11 segments. Each segment was classified as normal (group 1, n = 116), hibernating (group 2, n = 50), or necrotic (group 3, n = 43) on the basis of the IPPA washout rate (> 30%, 10% to 30%, and < 10%, respectively). Regional SI demonstrated significant differences in absolute values at 12 minutes (group 3: 1.62 +/- 0.58 vs group 1: 1.32 +/- 0.52, p < 0.01, and vs group 2: 1.34 +/- 0.48, p < 0.05) and at 30 minutes (group 3: 1.71 +/- 0.47 vs group 1: 1.21 +/- 0.55, p < 0.01, and vs group 2: 1.49 +/- 0.57, p < 0.05) and in temporal distribution. These results suggest that MRI has a potential role in differentiating viable from necrotic myocardium in patients with chronic severe systolic dysfunction

Synthesis and Optimization of the Labeling Procedure of 99mTc-Hynic-Interleukin-2 for In vivo Imaging of Activated T lymphocytes

Introduction: We have previously described the labeling of interleukin-2 (IL2) with 123 I and 99m Tc-N3S. Both radiopharmaceuticals were successfully applied in humans to image several inflammatory lesions and autoimmune diseases characterized by tissue infiltrating lymphocytes expressing the IL2 receptor (CD25). However, both radiopharmaceuticals had some specific disadvantages, such as cost and time of synthesis

Thyroid Cancer Imaging In Vivo by Targeting the Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Galectin-3

Background The prevalence of thyroid nodules increases with age, average 4-7% for the U.S.A. adult population, but it is much higher (19-67%) when sub-clinical nodules are considered. About 90% of these lesions are benign and a reliable approach to their preoperative characterization is necessary. Unfortunately conventional thyroid scintigraphy does not allow the distinction among benign and malignant thyroid proliferations but it provides only functional information (cold or hot nodules). The expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule galectin-3 is restricted to cancer cells and this feature has potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. We show here the possibility to obtain thyroid cancer imaging in vivo by targeting galectin-3. Methods The galectin-3 based thyroid immuno-scintigraphy uses as radiotracer a specific 99mTc-radiolabeled mAb. A position-sensitive high-resolution mini-gamma camera was used as imaging capture device. Human galectin-3 positive thyroid cancer xenografts (ARO) and galectin-3 knockout tumors were used as targets in different experiments in vivo. 38 mice with tumor mass of about 1 gm were injected in the tail vein with 100 ?Ci of 99mTc-labeled mAb to galectin-3 (30 ?g protein/in 100 ?l saline solution). Tumor images were acquired at 1 hr, 3 hrs, 6 hrs, 9 hrs and 24 hrs post injection by using the mini-gamma camera. Findings Results from different consecutive experiments show an optimal visualization of thyroid cancer xenografts between 6 and 9 hours from injection of the radiotracer. Galectin-3 negative tumors were not detected at all. At 6 hrs post-injection galectin-3 expressing tumors were correctly visualized, while the whole-body activity had essentially cleared. Conclusions These results demonstrate the possibility to distinguish preoperatively benign from malignant thyroid nodules by using a specific galectin-3 radio-immunotargeting. In vivo imaging of thyroid cancer may allow a better selection of patients referred to surgery. The possibility to apply this method for imaging and treatment of other galectin-3 expressing tumors is also discussed

Risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes newly treated with DPP-4 inhibitors or other oral glucose-lowering medications: A retrospective registry study on 127,555 patients from the Nationwide OsMed Health-DB Database

Aims Oral glucose-lowering medications are associated with excess risk of heart failure (HF). Given the absence of comparative data among drug classes, we performed a retrospective study in 32 Health Services of 16 Italian regions accounting for a population of 18 million individuals, to assess the association between HF risk and use of sulphonylureas, DPP-4i, and glitazones. Methods and results We extracted data on patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated treatment with DPP-4i, thiazolidinediones, or sulphonylureas alone or in combination with metformin during an accrual time of 2 years. The endpoint was hospitalization for HF (HHF) occurring after the first 6 months of therapy, and the observation was extended for up to 4 years. A total of 127 555 patients were included, of whom 14.3% were on DPP-4i, 72.5% on sulphonylurea, 13.2% on thiazolidinediones, with average 70.7% being on metformin as combination therapy. Patients in the three groups differed significantly for baseline characteristics: age, sex, Charlson index, concurrent medications, and previous cardiovascular events. During an average 2.6-year follow-up, after adjusting for measured confounders, use of DPP-4i was associated with a reduced risk of HHF compared with sulphonylureas [hazard ratio (HR) 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.97; P = 0.026]. After propensity matching, the analysis was restricted to 39 465 patients, and the use of DPP-4i was still associated with a lower risk of HHF (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.52-0.94; P = 0.018). Conclusion In a very large observational study, the use of DPP-4i was associated with a reduced risk of HHF when compared with sulphonylureas