Kin-dependent dispersal influences relatedness and genetic structuring in a lek system

Kin selection and dispersal play a critical role in the evolution of cooperative breeding systems. Limited dispersal increases relatedness in spatially structured populations (population viscosity), with the result that neighbours tend to be genealogical relatives. Yet the increase in neighbours’ fitness-related performance through altruistic interaction may also result in habitat saturation and thus exacerbate local competition between kin. Our goal was to detect the footprint of kin selection and competition by examining the spatial structure of relatedness and by comparing non-effective and effective dispersal in a population of a lekking bird, Tetrao urogallus. For this purpose, we analysed capture–recapture and genetic data collected over a 6-year period on a spatially structured population of T. urogallus in France. Our findings revealed a strong spatial structure of relatedness in males. They also indicated that the population viscosity could allow male cooperation through two non-exclusive mechanisms. First, at their first lek attendance, males aggregate in a lek composed of relatives. Second, the distance corresponding to non-effective dispersal dramatically outweighed effective dispersal distance, which suggests that dispersers incur high post-settlement costs. These two mechanisms result in strong population genetic structuring in males. In females, our findings revealed a lower level of spatial structure of relatedness and genetic structure in respect to males. Additionally, non-effective dispersal and effective dispersal distances in females were highly similar, which suggests limited post- settlement costs. These results indicate that kin-dependent dispersal decisions and costs have a genetic footprint in wild populations and are factors that may be involved in the evolution of cooperative courtship

From Kondakov to Hans Belting Library. Emigration and Byzantium - Bridges between Worlds

The volume reflected on the roots of Byzantine studies in Central Europe in the interwar period, as well as celebrated the founding of the Hans Belting Library in Brno in 2017

From Kondakov to Hans Belting Library. Emigration and Byzantium - Bridges between Worlds

The volume reflected on the roots of Byzantine studies in Central Europe in the interwar period, as well as celebrated the founding of the Hans Belting Library in Brno in 2017

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Cumulative Fatigue Damage under Random Dynamic Cyclic Loads of Lattice Structures Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Lattice structures are lightweight engineering components suitable for a great variety of applications, including those in which the structural integrity under vibration fatigue is of paramount importance. In this work, we experimentally and numerically investigate the dynamic response of two distinct lattice configurations, in terms of fatigue damage and life. Specifically, Face-Centered-Cubic (FCC) and Diamond lattice-based structures are numerically studied and experimentally tested under resonant conditions and random vibrations, until their failure. To this end, Finite Element (FE) models are employed to match the dynamic behavior of the system in the neighborhood of the first natural frequency. The FE models are employed to estimate the structural integrity by way of frequency and tip acceleration drops, which allow for the identification of the failure time and a corresponding number of cycles to failure. Fatigue life under resonant conditions is well predicted by the application of conventional multiaxial high cycle fatigue criteria to the local state of stress. The same approach, combined with the Rainflow algorithm and Miner’s rule, provides good results in predicting fatigue damage under random vibrations

Un modello numerico per la previsione del danneggiamento di rotaie tranviarie

Prodotto di dicembre 200

Strain Localizations in Notches for a Coarse-Grained Ni-Based Superalloy: Simulations and Experiments

Alloys used for turbine blades have to safely sustain severe thermomechanical loadings during service such as, for example, centrifugal loadings, creep and high temperature gradients. For these applications, cast Ni-based superalloys characterized by a coarse-grained microstructure are widely adopted. This microstructure dictates a strong anisotropic mechanical behaviour and, concurrently, a large scatter in the fatigue properties is observed. In this work, Crystal Plasticity Finite Element (CPFE) simulations and strain measurements performed by means of Digital Image Correlations (DIC) were adopted to study the variability introduced by the coarse-grained microstructure. In particular, the CPFE simulations were calibrated and used to simulate the effect of the grain cluster orientations in proximity to notches, which reproduce the cooling air ducts of the turbine blades. The numerical simulations were experimentally validated by the DIC measurements. This study aims to predict the statistical variability of the strain concentration factors and support component design

Strain Localizations in Notches for a Coarse-Grained Ni-Based Superalloy: Simulations and Experiments

Alloys used for turbine blades have to safely sustain severe thermomechanical loadings during service such as, for example, centrifugal loadings, creep and high temperature gradients. For these applications, cast Ni-based superalloys characterized by a coarse-grained microstructure are widely adopted. This microstructure dictates a strong anisotropic mechanical behaviour and, concurrently, a large scatter in the fatigue properties is observed. In this work, Crystal Plasticity Finite Element (CPFE) simulations and strain measurements performed by means of Digital Image Correlations (DIC) were adopted to study the variability introduced by the coarse-grained microstructure. In particular, the CPFE simulations were calibrated and used to simulate the effect of the grain cluster orientations in proximity to notches, which reproduce the cooling air ducts of the turbine blades. The numerical simulations were experimentally validated by the DIC measurements. This study aims to predict the statistical variability of the strain concentration factors and support component design

Classical Heritage and Medieval Innovation. Illustrated Texts from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages

A kötet a 2014. március 18-20. között az Országos Széchényi Könyvtárban megrendezett "Hagyomány választás, hagyomány formálás. Illusztrált szövegek a késő antikvitástól a romanika felé vezető úton" című nemzetközi konferencia tanulmányait tartalmazza. A tanulmányok a klasszikus antikvitás középkori recepciójának kérdéskörén belül egy elhanyagolt területet, a késő-antik örökség kora-középkori hagyományozódásának folyamatát vizsgálják a folyamatosság és/vagy megújulás, a csodálat és/vagy elutasítás, illetve az imitáció és/vagy újraalkotás szemszögéből. A hagyományozódás mechanizmusának (a kiválasztás – megőrzés – újragondolás - továbbadás folyamatának) beható tanulmányozása révén a kötet egyúttal a modern tudás-átadás működésére nézve is megfontolandó tanulságokkal szolgál

Core Competencies in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Assistance: A Systematic Review

Disaster response demands a large workforce covering diverse professional sectors. Throughout this article, we illustrate the results of a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies to identify existing competency sets for disaster management and humanitarian assistance that would serve as guidance for the development of a common disaster curriculum. A systematic review of English-language articles was performed on PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ERIC, and Cochrane Library. Studies were included if reporting competency domains, abilities, knowledge, skills, or attitudes for professionals involved disaster relief or humanitarian assistance. Exclusion criteria included abstracts, citations, case studies, and studies not dealing with disasters or humanitarian assistance. Thirty-eight papers were analyzed. Target audience was defined in all articles. Five references (13%) reported cross-sectorial competencies. Most of the articles (81.6%) were specific to health care. Eighteen (47%) papers included competencies for at least 2 different disciplines and 18 (47%) for different professional groups. Nursing was the most widely represented cadre. Eighteen papers (47%) defined competency domains and 36 (94%) reported list of competencies. Nineteen articles (50%) adopted consensus-building to define competencies, and 12 (31%) included competencies adapted to different professional responsibility levels. This systematic review revealed that the largest number of papers were mainly focused on the health care sector and presented a lack of agreement on the terminology used for competency-based definition. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:430-439