Human thyroid tumours, the puzzling lessons from E7 and RET/PTC3 transgenic mice

Human rearranged RET/PTC3 (papillary thyroid carcinoma) proto-oncogene and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7 oncogene induces in the mouse a neoplastic transformation of thyroid follicular cells. We present a detailed immuno-histological study (170 mouse thyroids: RET/PTC3, E7, wild type, 2- to 10-month-old) with cell cycle proliferation and signalling pathway indicators. The characteristics of both models are different. There is an ‘oncogene dependent' cellular signature, maintained at all studied ages in the E7 model, less in the RET/PTC3 model. During tumour development a large heterogeneity occurred in the Tg-RET/PTC3 model within a same tumour or within a same thyroid lobe. The Tg-E7 model was less heterogeneous, with a dominant goitrous pattern. The solid tumour already described in the RET/PTC3 models associated with cribriform patterns, suggested ‘PTC spindle cell changes' as in humans PTC rather than the equivalent of the solid human PTC. Proliferation and apoptosis in the two thyroid models are related to the causal oncogene rather than reflect a general tumorigenic process. The thyroids of RET/PTC3 mice appeared as a partial and transient model of human PTCs, whereas the Tg-E7 mice do not belong to the usual PTC type

SPIRITUAL AND MORAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENTS AS A BASIS OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL AND MORAL CULTURE

This article discusses the spiritual and moral development and education of students in institutions of higher education . As one of the purposes of the content of spiritual and moral education of students of the authors consider it necessary to consider the formation of their professional and moral culture. The article suggested definition of the essence of professional moral culture specialist. The most effective form of spiritual and moral development of students, we create conditions in teachers teaching students self-organization. The problem of the wise use of the faculty of the most effective conditions for modern forms of student selfmotivation, viz. report them to the axiological aspect essence and significance of moral culture for professional activity , and for all other aspects of his life.В статье рассматриваются проблемы духовно-нравственного развития и воспитания студентов в организациях высшего профессионального образования. В качестве одной из целей содержания духовно-нравственного воспитания студентов авторы считают необходимым рассмотрение формирования их профессионально-нравственной культуры. В статье предложено определение сущности профессионально-нравственной культуры специалиста. В качестве наиболее эффективной формы духовно-нравственного развития студентов рассмотрено создание преподавателями педагогических условий в организации самовоспитания студентов. Обсуждается проблема разумного использования профессорско-преподавательским составом наиболее эффективной для современных условий формы мотивирования студенческого самовоспитания, а именно, донесение до них аксиологического аспекта сущности и значимости нравственной культуры как для профессиональной деятельности человека, так и для всех иных аспектов его жизнедеятельности

Abundances of Volatile - Bearing Species from Evolved Gas Analysis of Samples from the Rocknest Aeolian Bedform in Gale Crater

The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) recently ran four samples from an aeolian bedform named Rocknest. SAM detected the evolution of H2O, CO2, O2, and SO2, indicative of the presence of multiple volatile bearing species (Fig 1). The Rocknest bedform is a windblown deposit selected as representative of both the windblown material in Gale crater as well as the globally-distributed martian dust. Four samples of Rocknest material were analyzed by SAM, all from the fifth scoop taken at this location. The material delivered to SAM passed through a 150 m sieve and is assumed to have been well mixed during the sample acquisition/preparation/handoff process. SAM heated the Rocknest samples to approx.835 C at a ramp rate of 35 C/min with a He carrier gas flow rate of apprx.1.5 standard cubic centimeters per minute and at an oven pressure of ~30 mbar [1]. Evolved gases were detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). This abstract presents the molar abundances of H2O, CO2, O2, and SO2 as well as their concentration in rocknest samples using an estimated sample mass