5 research outputs found
RationalitĂ©s socio-culturelles de lâalimentation infantile de migrants BaoulĂ© et BurkinabĂ© Ă Zoukougbeu (Centre-Ouest CĂŽte dâIvoire)
RĂ©sumĂ©Â : Cette Ă©tude sâest appuyĂ©e sur lâhypothĂšse quâĂ lâĂ©chelle de la paysannerie ivoirienne, la disparition de la forĂȘt, la pauvretĂ© des sols, lâutilisation de lâherbicide et autres engrais et le changement climatique ne favorisent pas une alimentation satisfaisante en faveur des enfants. LâunitĂ© dâanalyse a Ă©tĂ© le mĂ©nage. LâenquĂȘte de type qualitatif sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e auprĂšs de 200 familles BaoulĂ© (allochtones) et BurkinabĂš, tous immigrants et grands producteurs agricoles dans le dĂ©partement de Zoukougbeu. Lâanalyse met en exergue un symbolisme linguistique qualifiant lâabondance ou le dĂ©ficit dâaliment. Ces peuples essayent toutefois de mettre en Ćuvre des stratĂ©gies de production et de conservation des aliments, mais ils se retrouvent avec une pratique nutritionnelle insuffisante et une mauvaise perception des maladies infantiles. Des millions de paysans sont exposĂ©s au "spectre de la malnutrition".
Mots-clĂ©s : paysannerie, production agricole, sĂ©curitĂ© nutritionnelle infantile, immigrant, CĂŽte dâIvoir
Usages Traditionnels Et DisponibilitĂ© Des Plantes ExploitĂ©es Dans Lâartisanat Chez Les Populations Koulango Et Lobi De La PĂ©riphĂ©rie Est Du Parc National De La ComoĂ©, CĂŽte dâIvoire
Cette Ă©tude vise Ă faire lâinventaire et Ă Ă©valuer la disponibilitĂ© des plantes utilisĂ©es dans la construction et la confection des outils par les populations Koulango et Lobi. Les enquĂȘtes ethnobotaniques Ă travers les approches du « porte Ă porte » et des randonnĂ©es ont permis dâobtenir les informations sur les usages des plantes. La disponibilitĂ© des ressources a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă travers l'indice de rarĂ©faction Ă partir des relevĂ©s de surface. Le niveau de connaissance des usages des plantes a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© Ă lâaide de la frĂ©quence de citation. LâintensitĂ© dâutilisation des plantes a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©e grĂące Ă la valeur dâusage ethnobotanique. Les similitudes entre les usages des plantes ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©es grĂące Ă la classification hiĂ©rarchique ascendante. Le statut des espĂšces a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ© par lâindice de rarĂ©faction. De ces travaux, il ressort que 39 plantes appartenant Ă 38 genres et 22 familles sont utilisĂ©es dans la construction et 55 espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales, reparties en 48 genres et 22 familles, sont utilisĂ©es dans la fabrication des objets domestiques. Les usages de six plantes sont trĂšs connus. Il s'agit de Raphia sudanica (92,15%), Vitellaria paradoxa (89,6%), Khaya senegalensis (83,05%), Pterocarpus erinaceus (70,15%), Phoenix reclinata (52,75%) et Pseudocedrela kotschyi (51,7%). Pour les deux ethnies confondues, cinq plantes sont les plus utilisĂ©es. Ce sont Raphia sudanica (1,84), Vitellaria paradoxa (1,76), Phoenix reclinata (1,74), Khaya senegalensis (1,66) et Pterocarpus erinaceus (1,38). Plusieurs plantes dont Bombax costatum, Ceiba pentandra, Adansonia digitata ont des individus juvĂ©niles et adultes trĂšs rares dans le PNC comme dans le domaine rural.
This paper focuses on keeping inventory and assessing the availability of plants used in the construction and making of tools by the Koulango and Lobi populations. Ethnobotanical surveys through door-to-door and trekking approaches have provided information on the uses of plants. The availability of resources was assessed using the scarcity index from surface surveys. The level of knowledge of plant uses was assessed using the frequency of citation. The intensity of use of the plants was calculated using the ethnobotanical use value. The similarities between the uses of plants were revealed, thanks to the ascending hierarchical classification. The status of the species was determined by the depletion index. From this work, it emerges that 39 plants belonging to 38 genera and 22 families are used in construction. 55 plant species, divided into 48 genera and 22 families, are used in the manufacture of household objects. The uses of six plants are well known. These are Raphia sudanica (92.15%), Vitellaria paradoxa (89.6%), Khaya senegalensis (83.05%), Pterocarpus erinaceus (70.15%), Phoenix reclinata (52.75%), and Pseudocedrela kotschyi (51.7%). For the two ethnic groups combined, five plants are the most used. These are Raphia sudanica (1.84), Vitellaria paradoxa (1.76), Phoenix reclinata (1.74), Khaya senegalensis (1.66), and Pterocarpus erinaceus (1.38). Several plants, including Bombax costatum, Ceiba pentandra, Adansonia digitata, have juvenile and adult individuals which are very rare in the PNC as in the rural area
Variation des ComposĂ©s PhĂ©noliques suite Ă lâElicitation du Cotonnier suivie dâInoculation Ă Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Vasinfectum
La fusariose causĂ©e par Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum est une maladie qui entraĂźne le plus de dommages dans la culture cotonniĂšre. Cependant, lâutilisation de pesticides notamment les fongicides comme solution pour faire face Ă lâagent pathogĂšne sâest avĂ©rĂ©e non seulement inefficace mais entraĂźne des problĂšmes de toxicitĂ©, de pollution de lâenvironnement, de santĂ© et mĂȘme de biodiversitĂ©. Lâobjectif de ce travail a Ă©tĂ© dâĂ©tudier la variabilitĂ© de la production de composĂ©s phĂ©noliques impliquĂ©s dans le systĂšme de dĂ©fense naturelle du cotonnier. Ainsi, lâapplication des Ă©liciteurs MeJA et FOS11 (10%) sur les plants de cotonnier suivis dâinoculation Ă FOV a permis la synthĂšse de novode composĂ©s phĂ©noliques en plus des composĂ©s prĂ©existants. Par ailleurs, lâaccumulation des composĂ©s phĂ©noliques a Ă©tĂ© amplifiĂ©e suite Ă lâapplication de ces deux Ă©liciteurs suivie de lâinoculation Ă FOV. Les plants de cotonnier ont Ă©tĂ© donc Ă©quipĂ©s de composĂ©s qui ont anticipĂ©s lâattaque de FOV. Toutefois, la FOS11 (10%) a induit la production dâun plus grand nombre de composĂ©s phĂ©noliques que le MeJA. La FOS11 (10%) a donc Ă©tĂ© retenu comme meilleur Ă©liciteur naturelle de la stimulation des dĂ©fenses naturelles du cotonnier. Fusarium blight caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum is a disease that causes the most damage in cotton growing. However, the use of pesticides, especially fungicides as a solution to the pathogen, has proven to be not only ineffective but also leads to problems of toxicity, environmental pollution, health and even biodiversity. The objective of this work wasto study the variability of the production of phenolic compounds involved in the natural defense system of the cotton plant. Thus, the application of the MeJA and OSF 11 elicitors (10%) on the cotton plants followed by inoculation with FOV allowed the de novo synthesis of phenolic compounds in addition to the preexisting compounds. Moreover, the accumulation of phenolic compounds was amplified following the application of these two elicitors followed by inoculation with FOV. The cotton plants were therefore equipped with compounds that anticipated the FOV attack. However, OSF 11 (10%) induced the production of more phenolic compounds than MeJA. OSF 11 (10%) was therefore chosen as the best natural elicitor of the stimulation of the natural defenses of cotton
Abstracts of the 1st International Colloquium in Mine & Society
This book presents the abstracts of the selected contributions to the First International Colloquium on Mines and Society (CIMS) organized by The Higher Institute of Mining and Geology of Boke. The theme of this colloquium was "Mining and Sustainable Development, a major challenge for an Emerging Africa" which aims to bring together teachers, researchers, and Professionals from different backgrounds in order to exchange the results of their research work, share their points of view on the issue of mining and sustainable development. It also aims to define, in a collaborative and inclusive manner, research prospects or future projects between all the actors involved in this field.
Colloquium Title: 1st International Colloquium in Mine & SocietyTheme: Mining and Sustainable Development, A Major Challenge for an Emerging AfricaColloquium Date: 20-22 May 2022Colloquium Location: A LâHĂŽtel Rio Nunez de BokeColloquium Organizer: The Higher Institute of Mining and Geology of Bok
Characteristics of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 Dually Seropositive Adults in West Africa Presenting for Care and Antiretroviral Therapy: The IeDEA-West Africa HIV-2 Cohort Study.
HIV-2 is endemic in West Africa. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis, management and antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-2 or HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infections. Because of these issues, we designed a West African collaborative cohort for HIV-2 infection within the framework of the International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA).We collected data on all HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dually seropositive patients (both ARV-naive and starting ART) and followed-up in clinical centres in the IeDEA-WA network including a total of 13 clinics in five countries: Benin, Burkina-Faso CĂŽte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal, in the West Africa region.Data was merged for 1,754 patients (56% female), including 1,021 HIV-2 infected patients (551 on ART) and 733 dually seropositive for both HIV-1 and HIV 2 (463 on ART). At ART initiation, the median age of HIV-2 patients was 45.3 years, IQR: (38.3-51.7) and 42.4 years, IQR (37.0-47.3) for dually seropositive patients (pâ=â0.048). Overall, 16.7% of HIV-2 patients on ART had an advanced clinical stage (WHO IV or CDC-C). The median CD4 count at the ART initiation is 166 cells/mm(3), IQR (83-247) among HIV-2 infected patients and 146 cells/mm(3), IQR (55-249) among dually seropositive patients. Overall, in ART-treated patients, the CD4 count increased 126 cells/mm(3) after 24 months on ART for HIV-2 patients and 169 cells/mm(3) for dually seropositive patients. Of 551 HIV-2 patients on ART, 5.8% died and 10.2% were lost to follow-up during the median time on ART of 2.4 years, IQR (0.7-4.3).This large multi-country study of HIV-2 and HIV-1/HIV-2 dual infection in West Africa suggests that routine clinical care is less than optimal and that management and treatment of HIV-2 could be further informed by ongoing studies and randomized clinical trials in this population