1,616 research outputs found
Flavor Symmetry for Quarks and Leptons
Present data on neutrino masses and mixing favor the highly symmetric
tribimaximal neutrino mixing matrix which suggests an underlying flavor
symmetry. A systematic study of non-abelian finite groups of order
reveals that tribimaximal mixing can be derived not only from the well known
tetrahedral flavor symmetry , but also by using the binary
tetrahedral symmetry which does not contain the
tetrahedral group as a subgroup. has the further advantage that it can
also neatly accommodate the quark masses including a heavy top quark.Comment: 12 pages latex. More typos correcte
Aspects of Soft and Spontaneous CP Violation
We study four different models for CP violation: the standard (KM) model, the
aspon model of spontaneous breaking and two models of soft breaking. In all
except the standard model, the strong CP problem is addressed and solved.
Testable predictions for the area of the unitarity triangle and for
(epsilon'/epsilon)_K are emphasized. The issue of CP violation may well become
the first place where the standard model of particle theory is shown
definitively to be deficient. There are two reasons for expecting this to
happen: (1) the strong CP problem is still not understood in the unadorned
standard model and (2) the KM mechanism, although unquestionably present, may
not provide the full explanation of epsilon_K and (epsilon'/epsilon)_K.Comment: 24 pages LaTeX including 4 figures. Minor modification to analysis of
lower bound for d_n, summarized in new Table I
Axion and neutrino physics from anomaly cancellation
It has been recently shown that the requirement of anomaly cancellation in a
(non-supersymmetric) six-dimensional version of the standard model fixes the
field content to the known three generations. We discuss the phenomenological
consequences of the cancellation of the local anomalies: the strong CP problem
is solved and the fundamental scale of the theory is bounded by the physics of
the axion. Neutrinos acquire a mass in the range suggested by atmospheric
experiments.Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX
S, T, U parameters in model with right-handed neutrinos
The S, T, U parameters in the model with
right -handed neutrinos are calculated. Explicit expressions for the oblique
and Z - Z' mixing contributions are obtained. We show that the bilepton oblique
contributions to S and T parameters are bounded : and . The Z - Z' mixing contribution is positive and above 10%, but it will
increase fastly with the higher Z' mass. %can be negative. The consequent mass
splitting of the bilepton is derived and to be 15%. The limit on the mass of
the neutral bilepton in this model is obtained.Comment: Latex, axodraw.sty used, 3 figures, 18 page
Minimal Family Unification
Absract It is proposed that there exist, within a new , a gauged
discrete group (the order 12 double dihedral group) acting as a family
symmetry. This nonabelian finite group can explain hierarchical features of
families, using an assignment for quarks and leptons dictated by the
requirements of anomaly cancellation and of no additional quarks.Comment: 10 pages, IFP-701-UNC;VAND-TH-94-
Multiple CDM cosmology with string landscape features and future singularities
Multiple CDM cosmology is studied in a way that is formally a
classical analog of the Casimir effect. Such cosmology corresponds to a
time-dependent dark fluid model or, alternatively, to its scalar field
presentation, and it motivated by the string landscape picture. The future
evolution of the several dark energy models constructed within the scheme is
carefully investigated. It turns out to be almost always possible to choose the
parameters in the models so that they match the most recent and accurate
astronomical values. To this end, several universes are presented which mimick
(multiple) CDM cosmology but exhibit Little Rip, asymptotically de
Sitter, or Type I, II, III, and IV finite-time singularity behavior in the far
future, with disintegration of all bound objects in the cases of Big Rip,
Little Rip and Pseudo-Rip cosmologies.Comment: LaTeX 11 pages, 10 figure
Pan-squamous genomic profiling stratified by anatomic tumor site and viral association
Background: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) have diverse anatomic etiologies but may share common genomic biomarkers. We profiled 7,871 unique SCCs across nine anatomic sites to investigate commonality in genomic alterations (GA), tumor mutational burden (TMB), human papillomavirus (HPV) association, and mutational signatures.
Methods: Tissue from over 8,100 unique SCC samples originating from nine anatomic sites (anogenital (anus, cervix, penis, vagina, vulva), esophagus, head and neck, lung, and skin) were sequenced by hybrid capture-based comprehensive genomic profiling to evaluate GA and TMB. About 3% of non-cutaneous SCC samples had UV signatures, indicative of potential primary site misdiagnoses, and were filtered from the analysis. Detection of HPV, including high-risk strains 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45, was implemented through de novo assembly of non-human sequencing reads and BLASTn comparison against all viral nucleotide sequences in the NCBI database.
Results: The proportion of HPV+ patients by anatomic site varied, with the highest being anal (91%) and cervical (83%). The mutational landscape of each cohort was similar, regardless of anatomic origin, but clustered based on HPV status. The largest differences in GA frequency as stratified by HPV- vs. HPV+ were TP53 (87% vs. 12%), CDKN2A (45% vs. 6%), and PIK3CA (22% vs. 33%). The median TMB in cases originating from HPV-associated sites was similar, regardless of HPV status. Higher median TMB was observed in lung and skin cases, which exhibited significant enrichment of mutational signatures indicative of tobacco- and UV-induced DNA damage, respectively.
Conclusions: HPV+ and HPV- SCC populations have distinct genomic profiles and, for the latter, anatomic site is correlated with TMB distribution, secondary to associated carcinogen exposure. As such, biomarkers such as TMB and UV signature can provide unexpected insight into site of origin misdiagnoses and may correlate with benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors
Seeking Evolution of Dark Energy
We study how observationally to distinguish between a cosmological constant
(CC) and an evolving dark energy with equation of state . We focus
on the value of redshift Z* at which the cosmic late time acceleration begins
and . Four are studied, including the
well-known CPL model and a new model that has advantages when describing the
entire expansion era. If dark energy is represented by a CC model with , the present ranges for and
imply that Z* = 0.743 with 4% error. We discuss the possible implications of a
model independent measurement of Z* with better accuracy.Comment: 9 pages, LaTeX, 5 figure
High WBP5 expression correlates with elevation of HOX genes levels and is associated with inferior survival in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia
WW domain binding protein 5 (WBP5), also known as Transcriptional Elongation Factor A like 9 (TCEAL9) has been proposed as a candidate oncogene for human colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability and as a predictive indicator of small cell lung cancers. Furthermore, several independent studies have proposed WBP5, and its association with Wilms Tumor-1 (WT1) expression, as part of a gene expression-based risk score for predicting survival and clinical outcome in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML). To date, the prognostic significance of the sole WBP5 expression and its impact on the survival outcome in AML patients remains largely understudied. In the present study, we have made use of publicly available patient expression arrays and have developed an unbiased approach to classify AML patients into low versus high WBP5 expressers and to balance them for known mutations and cytogenetic findings. Interestingly, we found that patients characterized by high WBP5 expression displayed inferior overall and event-free survival rates. Notably, gene expression profiling showed that patients with high WBP5 had elevated expression of several HOX cluster genes, such as HOXA5, HOXA7, HOXA9 and HOXA10, and several of their partner proteins, such as MEIS1 and FOXC1, which have been demonstrated to be causative for AML. Taken together, our data suggest that WBP5 expression level could serve as an indicator for prognosis and survival outcome in patients with AML
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