Alien Registration- Fraiser, George M. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/23983/thumbnail.jp

Child Guidance Techniques.

16 p

Comparison of International Risk-Based Screening Levels

In response to a growing public concern over the potential environmental and human health-related effects associated with impacted sites, many countries have launched national frameworks for remediation of high priority sites. Some countries have developed Risk-Based Screening Levels (RBSLs) as part of a national framework. RBSLs are numerical media concentrations used to inform decision making about land contamination. Many countries have yet to develop their own RBSLs. Those countries often require that the regulated community to use RBSLs developed for other countries and, in some cases, to select and defend the most appropriate RBSLs for use. Understanding the underlying assumptions used in developing internationally available RBSLs and their intended purpose is essential to making informed decisions regarding their use to manage contamination and mitigate risk. This paper evaluates some of the underlying assumptions used by a representative group of countries in developing RBSLs. This analysis was, by necessity, done at the level of primary assumptions, methods and technical elements. Despite this fact, some general conclusions regarding use of internationally available RBSLs have been drawn in the paper

Verbal Disputes and the Internalism/Externalism Debate in Epistemology

Looking at those debates which are commonly regarded as verbal disputes we can detect two kinds of verbal disputes: (STDC) cases in which disputing parties apply the Same Term or phrase to Different Concepts; (DTSC) cases in which disputing parties apply Different Terms or phrases to the Same Concept. While cases of (STDC) or (DTSC) may be verbal disputes, I will argue that (STDC) and (DTSC) are neither necessary nor sufficient conditions for a verbal dispute. I will explore the identity of a verbal dispute, the conditions for its occurrence, and methods for detecting it. I develop a condition for verbal disputes which I call the Principle of Equal Power: (PEP) For any dispute to be a verbal dispute requires that the linguistic frameworks of the disputing parties have equal powers to express the parties’ undisputed beliefs – albeit expressed in different ways. This condition is similar to the conditions developed by numerous verbal dispute theorists. In most cases we will not be able to analytically detect that (PEP) is satisfied. I argue that the best method for detecting when (PEP) is satisfied is an empirical method which attempts to test a sufficient number of relevant conceptual scenarios to assess whether the linguistic frameworks of each side have equal powers to express the same beliefs. Only then can we conclude that we most likely have a verbal dispute. I will take up the internalism vs. externalism debate in epistemology and address compatibilist arguments which treat the debate as a verbal dispute. We can employ an empirical method to determine which view has greater powers to express these shared beliefs. Though there are ways in which particular internalist/externalist debates could be compatible, there are also incompatible debates. Thus, we cannot say that internalism and externalism in epistemology are wholly compatible. Among the debates which seem incompatible, we will have to decide which view is correct by assessing which side has greater powers to express the undisputed beliefs. In the meantime, we have no good reason to think that the internalism/externalism debate is, on the whole, a verbal dispute

Functional diversity of marine ecosystems after the Late Permian mass extinction event

Article can be accessed from http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n3/full/ngeo2079.htmlThe Late Permian mass extinction event was the most severe such crisis of the past 500 million years and occurred during an episode of global warming. It is assumed to have had significant ecological impact, but its effects on marine ecosystem functioning are unknown and the patterns of marine recovery are debated. We analysed the fossil occurrences of all known Permian-Triassic benthic marine genera and assigned each to a functional group based on their inferred life habit. We show that despite the selective extinction of 62-74% of marine genera there was no significant loss of functional diversity at the global scale, and only one novel mode of life originated in the extinction aftermath. Early Triassic marine ecosystems were not as ecologically depauperate as widely assumed, which explains the absence of a Cambrian-style Triassic radiation in higher taxa. Functional diversity was, however, significantly reduced in particular regions and habitats, such as tropical reefs, and at these scales recovery varied spatially and temporally, probably driven by migration of surviving groups. Marine ecosystems did not return to their pre-extinction state, however, and radiation of previously subordinate groups such as motile, epifaunal grazers led to greater functional evenness by the Middle Triassic

Pennsylvanian-Early Triassic stratigraphy in the Alborz Mountains (Iran)

New fieldwork was carried out in the central and eastern Alborz, addressing the sedimentary succession from the Pennsylvanian to the Early Triassic. A regional synthesis is proposed, based on sedimentary analysis and a wide collection of new palaeontological data. The Moscovian Qezelqaleh Formation, deposited in a mixed coastal marine and alluvial setting, is present in a restricted area of the eastern Alborz, transgressing on the Lower Carboniferous Mobarak and Dozdehband formations. The late Gzhelian–early Sakmarian Dorud Group is instead distributed over most of the studied area, being absent only in a narrow belt to the SE. The Dorud Group is typically tripartite, with a terrigenous unit in the lower part (Toyeh Formation), a carbonate intermediate part (Emarat and Ghosnavi formations, the former particularly rich in fusulinids), and a terrigenous upper unit (Shah Zeid Formation), which however seems to be confined to the central Alborz. A major gap in sedimentation occurred before the deposition of the overlying Ruteh Limestone, a thick package of packstone–wackestone interpreted as a carbonate ramp of Middle Permian age (Wordian–Capitanian). The Ruteh Limestone is absent in the eastern part of the range, and everywhere ends with an emersion surface, that may be karstified or covered by a lateritic soil. The Late Permian transgression was directed southwards in the central Alborz, where marine facies (Nesen Formation) are more common. Time-equivalent alluvial fans with marsh intercalations and lateritic soils (Qeshlaq Formation) are present in the east. Towards the end of the Permian most of the Alborz emerged, the marine facies being restricted to a small area on the Caspian side of the central Alborz. There, the Permo-Triassic boundary interval is somewhat similar to the Abadeh–Shahreza belt in central Iran, and contains oolites, flat microbialites and domal stromatolites, forming the base of the Elikah Formation. The P–T boundary is established on the basis of conodonts, small foraminifera and stable isotope data. The development of the lower and middle part of the Elikah Formation, still Early Triassic in age, contains vermicular bioturbated mudstone/wackestone, and anachronostic-facies-like gastropod oolites and flat pebble conglomerates. Three major factors control the sedimentary evolution. The succession is in phase with global sea-level curve in the Moscovian and from the Middle Permian upwards. It is out of phase around the Carboniferous–Permian boundary, when the Dorud Group was deposited during a global lowstand of sealevel. When the global deglaciation started in the Sakmarian, sedimentation stopped in the Alborz and the area emerged. Therefore, there is a consistent geodynamic control. From the Middle Permian upwards, passive margin conditions control the sedimentary evolution of the basin, which had its depocentre(s) to the north. Climate also had a significant role, as the Alborz drifted quickly northwards with other central Iran blocks towards the Turan active margin. It passed from a southern latitude through the aridity belt in the Middle Permian, across the equatorial humid belt in the Late Permian and reached the northern arid tropical belt in the Triassic

Construcción del nuevo puente Independencia para asegurar la calidad de vida de los pobladores del bajo Piura

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional se denomina “Construcción del nuevo puente Independencia para asegurar la calidad de vida de los pobladores del bajo Piura.” El cual tiene como objetivo describir los conocimientos aplicados y experiencias desarrolladas en las principales actividades en campo y área de planificación durante la construcción del Puente Independencia, Considerado uno de los puentes de mayor longitud de la región; Con el fin de sustentar mi capacidad técnica en el ejercicio profesional como bachiller en ingeniería civil. La construcción de esta estructura fue de carácter importante para toda la población del bajo Piura, ya que la longitud del puente existente era inadecuada para el caudal que conduce el rio, actuando esta como un dique que impedía el paso adecuado y libre del cauce del rio y a consecuencia del ultimo fenómeno del niño costero, inundo gran parte de toda la zona, afectando a cientos de familias que lo perdieron todo. Como resultado de las labores ejercidas y de mis aportes técnicos para la consolidación del proyecto, todo el bajo Piura se benefició con la instalación de una estructura moderna y viable la cual está en condiciones para soportar los embates de la naturaleza y que todos los moradores no vuelvan a sufrir pérdidas humanas ni materiales