The Promise and Potential of Two-Way Immersion in Catholic Schools

Two-Way Immersion (TWI) is a method of instruction designed to facilitate the learning of a second language by non-native speakers. Unlike traditional methods of teaching a second language, TWI is grounded in the equal presence, respect, and value of the two languages and their related cultures. Moreover, the goal of TWI is the building of communities of intercultural competence and appreciation. In this essay, I argue that TWI is especially appropriate for many Catholic schools given the current and growing presence of Latino Catholics. However, the establishment and maintenance of an effective TWI school is not a panacea for efforts to increase the access and inclusion of Latino families in Catholic schools. I use a case study of the recent establishment of a TWI school, the Holy Rosary Regional School/Juan Diego Academy in Tacoma, WA, in the Archdiocese of Seattle, to discuss the hard choices that must be made regarding outreach, staffing, curriculum, and funding. I conclude with a consideration of the potential and promise of TWI for Catholic schools in the United States. La promesa y el potencial de la inmersión por dos lenguas en escuelas católicas La inmersión por dos lenguas (TWI, por sus siglas en inglés) es un método de instrucción diseñado para facilitar el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua por parte de hablantes no nativos. A diferencia de los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza de segundas lenguas, el TWI se basa en una misma presencia, respeto y valor de las dos lenguas y sus respectivas culturas. Además, el objetivo de la TWI es construir comunidades de competencia y aprecio intercultural. En el presente ensayo, sostengo que la TWI es especialmente apropiada para muchas escuelas católicas dada la actual y creciente presencia de latinos católicos. Sin embargo, el establecimiento y mantenimiento de una escuela TWI efectiva no es una panacea para los esfuerzos por aumentar el acceso y la inclusión de familias latinas en las escuelas católicas. Utilizo un estudio de caso de la reciente institución de una escuela TWI, la escuela Holy Rosary Regional School/Juan Diego Academy, en Tacoma, WA, en la Archidiócesis de Seattle, para discutir las difíciles decisiones que deben tomarse en cuanto a la divulgación, gestión del personal, currículo y financiación. Concluyo con una consideración sobre el potencial y la promesa de inmersión por dos lenguas en escuelas católicas de Estados Unidos. La promesse et le potentiel de l\u27immersion bilingue dans les écoles catholiques L\u27immersion bilingue est une méthode d\u27enseignement conçue pour faciliter l\u27apprentissage d\u27une deuxième langue par ceux qui ont une autre langue maternelle. Contrairement aux méthodes traditionnelles d\u27enseignement des langues étrangères, l\u27immersion bilingue accorde aux deux langues et aux cultures qui s\u27y rattachent, la même présence, le même respect et les mêmes valeurs. D\u27autre part, l\u27immersion bilingue vise à construire des communautés de compétence et d\u27appréciation interculturelles. Dans cet essai, je démontre que l\u27immersion bilingue est particulièrement bien adaptée à de nombreuses écoles catholiques, compte tenu de la situation actuelle et de la présence croissante des catholiques latinos. Toutefois, établir et maintenir une école d\u27immersion bilingue efficace ne représente pas la panacée pour améliorer l\u27accès aux écoles catholiques et l\u27inclusion des familles latino-américaines. J\u27utilise une étude de cas portant la création récente d\u27une école d\u27immersion bilingue, l\u27école régionale du Saint Rosaire/Académie Juan Diego, à Tacoma (État de Washington), pour évoquer les choix difficiles à faire pour sensibiliser le public, trouver du personnel, établir le programme d\u27études et obtenir le financement. Dans la conclusion, j\u27envisage le potentiel et la promesse que représente l\u27immersion bilingue pour les écoles catholiques aux États-Unis

Incorporating Antecedent Moisture Conditions and Intraevent Variability of Rainfall on Flood Frequency Analysis in Poorly Gauged Basins

[Abstract:] Rainfall-runoff models are frequently used for the prediction of flood discharges from extreme rainfall data in poorly gauged basins. However, the conventional methods used to estimate the frequency of flood discharges from precipitation data do not incorporate a realistic representation of the spatial and temporal structure of rainfall at the study site nor of the antecedent soil moisture content. Temporally and spatially idealized rainfall patterns that do not represent properly the intraevent variability of rainfall are in general assumed. In this paper, we propose a methodology for flood frequency analysis based on the hydrological simulation of potentially hazardous real storm events. The aim of the proposed method is to incorporate the impact of the spatial and temporal intraevent variability of rainfall on flood discharge estimates without making strong assumptions about the spatial and temporal patterns of storms. It also includes a calibrated relation between the antecedent rainfall depth and the soil infiltration capacity, in order to consider the combined effect of antecedent soil moisture content and rainfall intensity. The flood frequency estimates obtained with the proposed methodology are compared to those estimated with a conventional method based on the definition of synthetic design hyetographs from local intensity-duration-frequency curves. The analysis is presented in two watersheds of 84 and 353 km2 located in the NW of Spain. Results highlight the role of the antecedent soil moisture in flood frequency analysis and show that the conventional methodology tends to overestimate the flood discharges when compared to the proposed approach.This work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) within the project “CAPRI: Probabilistic flood prediction with high resolution hydrologic models from radar rainfall estimates” (CGL2013-46245-R). Ignacio Fraga received financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia accreditation 2016–2019) and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund-ERDF). The historical rainfall data from the pluviometers used in this work, as well as the discharge data at the two gauge stations, can be freely downloaded from the webpage of the Galician Meteorological Agency MeteoGalicia (http://www.meteogalicia.gal/observacion). The DTM of both catchments can be freely downloaded from the webpage of the Centro Nacional de Información Geográfica (http://centrodedescargas.cnig.es)

Editors\u27 Introduction

Guest Editors\u27 introductio

SIMNET: simulation-based exercises for computer net-work curriculum through gamification and augmented reality

Gamification and Augmented Reality techniques, in recent years, have tackled many subjects and environments. Its implementation can, in particular, strengthen teaching and learning processes in schools and universities. Therefore, new forms of knowledge, based on interactions with objects, contributing game, experimentation and collaborative work. Through the technologies mentioned above, we intend to develop an application that serves as a didactic tool, giving support in the area of Computer Networks. This application aims to stand out in simulated controlled environments to create computer networks, taking into ac-count the necessary physical devices and the different physical and logical topologies. The main goal is to enrich the students’ learning experiences and contrib-ute to teacher-student interaction, through collaborative learning provided by the tool, minimizing the need for expensive equipment in learning environments.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

MERLIN: a flood hazard forecasting system for coastal river reaches

Versión aceptada de https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03855-7[Abstract:] This study presents MERLIN, an innovative flood hazard forecasting system for predicting discharges and water levels at flood prone areas of coastal catchments. Discharge forecasts are preceded by a hindcast stage. During this stage, the hydrological models assimilate soil moisture and hydro-meteorological observations to evaluate soil infiltration capacities at the beginning of the discharge forecast. Predicted discharges are converted to water-level forecasts using the hydraulic model Iber+, a GPU-parallelized bidimensional flow model. Hydraulic models also assimilate tidal-level forecasts in order to define the boundary conditions of the models. The performance of MERLIN was evaluated over 4 months at three coastal catchments of 4.95, 16.96, and 83.9 km2. Forecasted discharges and water levels presented a good fit to observed values, especially at the larger catchments, which confirmed the potential utility of the presented system.Funding was provided by European Regional Development Fund

Nonintrusive Method to Compute Water Discharge in Pipes with a Low Depth-to-Diameter Ratio Using Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry

[Abstract] A nonintrusive method to calculate water depth and discharge in partially full pipes using data from a single ultrasonic Doppler velocimeter (UDV) profiler is presented. The position of the free surface is identified from the velocity profiles measured with the UDV. The flow discharge is computed from an approximated parameterization of the velocity field in the cross-section, using a single measured velocity profile. The proposed methodology was applied to steady and unsteady flow conditions in two different pipes with diameters of 90 and 200 mm, and depth-to-diameter ratios up to 0.35. Under these conditions, the water depth and discharge were measured with mean absolute errors of 1 mm and 0.1 L=s in the 90-mm pipe and 0.5 mm and 0.05 L=s in the 200-mm pipe. These errors are almost independent of the discharge[Resumen] Este trabajo presenta un método no intrusivo para calcular el calado y el caudal en tuberías parcialmente llenas con datos de un solo perfilador Doppler ultrasónico (UDV). La posición de la superficie libre se identifica a partir de los perfiles de velocidad medidos con el UDV. El caudal de flujo se calcula a partir de una parametrización aproximada del campo de velocidades en la sección transversal, utilizando un único perfil vertical de velocidad medido en la sección central de la tubería. La metodología propuesta se ha aplicado a condiciones de flujo estacionarias y no estacionarias en dos tuberías de diámetros de 90 y 200 mm, y relaciones de y/H de hasta 0.35. En estas condiciones, el calado y caudal se midieron con errores medios absolutos de 1 mm y 0.1 L/s en el tubo de diámetro 90 mm y 0.5 mm y 0.05 L/s en el de 200 mm. Estos errores son casi independientes del caudal circulante

On diffusive supersonic combustion (chemical kinetic effects in diffusive supersonic combustion)

Simple analytical methods are presented for the analysis of chemical kinetic effects in supersonic combustion. Three different regions are shown to occur in supersonic diffusive combustion. The first region is close to the injector exit, where the flow may be considered frozen for the main reacting species and where the radical concentration is being built up. This is the ignition delay region. A simplified kinetic scheme of the H2-air reaction is deduced for this region. The linear differential equation giving the H concentration has been discussed and integrated in a representative case. In terms of this solution the limits of the ignition region may be determined. Far from the injector exit the flow is close to chemical equilibrium. The reaction region is very thin, so that convection effects may be neglected. Then the governing equations reduce to ordinary differential equations, that may be integrated by using an integral method. In this way, deviations from equilibrium may be determined in terms of the reaction kinetics. An extension of the integral method, developed for the analysis of the near-equilibrium region is proposed for the study of the transition region

Towards the Internet of Smart Trains: A Review on Industrial IoT-Connected Railways

[Abstract] Nowadays, the railway industry is in a position where it is able to exploit the opportunities created by the IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) and enabling communication technologies under the paradigm of Internet of Trains. This review details the evolution of communication technologies since the deployment of GSM-R, describing the main alternatives and how railway requirements, specifications and recommendations have evolved over time. The advantages of the latest generation of broadband communication systems (e.g., LTE, 5G, IEEE 802.11ad) and the emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for the railway environment are also explained together with the strategic roadmap to ensure a smooth migration from GSM-R. Furthermore, this survey focuses on providing a holistic approach, identifying scenarios and architectures where railways could leverage better commercial IIoT capabilities. After reviewing the main industrial developments, short and medium-term IIoT-enabled services for smart railways are evaluated. Then, it is analyzed the latest research on predictive maintenance, smart infrastructure, advanced monitoring of assets, video surveillance systems, railway operations, Passenger and Freight Information Systems (PIS/FIS), train control systems, safety assurance, signaling systems, cyber security and energy efficiency. Overall, it can be stated that the aim of this article is to provide a detailed examination of the state-of-the-art of different technologies and services that will revolutionize the railway industry and will allow for confronting today challenges.Galicia. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED431C 2016-045Galicia. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED341D R2016/012Galicia. Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria; ED431G/01Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2013-47141-C4-1-RAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2015-69648-REDCAgencia Estatal de Investigación (España); TEC2016-75067-C4-1-

Ontology-based solutions for interoperability among product lifecycle management systems: A systematic literature review

During recent years, globalization has had an impact on the competitive capacity of industries, forcing them to integrate their productive processes with other, geographically distributed, facilities. This requires the information systems that support such processes to interoperate. Significant attention has been paid to the development of ontology-based solutions, which are meant to tackle issues from inconsistency to semantic interoperability and knowledge reusability. This paper looks into how the available technology, models and ontology-based solutions might interact within the manufacturing industry environment to achieve semantic interoperability among industrial information systems. Through a systematic literature review, this paper has aimed to identify the most relevant elements to consider in the development of an ontology-based solution and how these solutions are being deployed in industry. The research analyzed 54 studies in alignment with the specific requirements of our research questions. The most relevant results show that ontology-based solutions can be set up using OWL as the ontology language, Protégé as the ontology modeling tool, Jena as the application programming interface to interact with the built ontology, and different standards from the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee 184, Subcommittee 4 or 5, to get the foundational concepts, axioms, and relationships to develop the knowledge base. We believe that the findings of this study make an important contribution to practitioners and researchers as they provide useful information about different projects and choices involved in undertaking projects in the field of industrial ontology application.Fil: Fraga, Alvaro Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Vegetti, Maria Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño; ArgentinaFil: Leone, Horacio Pascual. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo y Diseño; Argentin