Channel changes of lower and middle courses of the Wierna Rzeka River since the 18th century

The aim of this work is to show the influence human activity on small retention and channel changes of the Wierna Rzeka River in last centuries. The Wierna Rzeka River is located in the south-western part of the Holy Cross Mts. region in the Polish Uplands. The Wierna Rzeka River is left tributary of the Biała Nida River. It is classified as a 35.7 km long upland river with an 2.32‰ average slope. The 313.8 km2 large basin has an elongated shape with a meridional extension. The catchment area was located in the south-western part of the Old Polish Industrial District. From the Middle Ages to the end of the 19th century there were at least four forges on the Wierna Rzeka River. There were also water mills built on the former forges infrastructure. The most of mills on the Wierna Rzeka River was built in the second half of the 19th c. and at the beginning of the 20th c. The activity of the forges and mills led to changes in the development of the riverbed and created a pattern of anthropogenic anastomosis. Those changes are documented in archival and cartographic materials. In the second half of the 20th c. the water mills activity was stopped. On the floodplain many remains of metallurgy and mills infrastructure facilities have survived, embankments, canals, mill ponds. Currently, on the Wierna Rzeka River in the abandoned mills area, there are sections of anastomosing channel pattern. As a result of the renaturalization process, many anthropogenic forms disappeared and the drained water reservoirs became part of the floodplain.Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie wpływu działalności człowieka na zmiany małej retencji i koryta Wiernej Rzeki w ostatnich stuleciach. Wierna Rzeka położona jest w południowo-zachodniej części regionu świętokrzyskiego na obszarze Wyżyn Polskich. Rzeka jest lewobrzeżnym dopływem Białej Nidy. Sklasyfikowana jest jako rzeka wyżynna o długości 35,7 km ze średnim spadkiem 2,32‰. Zlewnia o powierzchni 313,8 km2 ma podłużny kształt o rozciągłości południkowej. Obszar zlewni znajdował się w południowo-zachodniej części Staropolskiego Okręgu Przemysłowego. Od średniowiecza do końca XIX wieku, na Wiernej Rzece funkcjonowały co najmniej cztery kuźnice. Działały tu także młyny, które budowano na dawnej infrastrukturze kuźnic. Najwięcej młynów na Wiernej Rzece wzniesiono w drugiej połowie XIX wieku oraz na początku XX wieku. Działalność kuźnic i młynów przyczyniła się do zmian w rozwinięciu koryta, doprowadzając do powstania anastomoz antropogenicznych. Zmiany te zostały udokumentowane w materiałach archiwalnych i kartograficznych. W drugiej połowie XX wieku działalność młynów została wstrzymana. Na równinie zalewowej zachowały się liczne pozostałości infrastruktury zakładów hutniczych i młynarskich (wały, kanały, stawy młyńskie). Współcześnie na Wiernej Rzece, w miejscu porzuconych młynów, występują odcinki wielokorytowe. W wyniku procesu renaturalizacji wiele form antropogenicznych zostało zatartych, a zdrenowane zbiorniki wodne stały się częścią równiny zalewowej

Secular and catastrophic processes reflected in sediments of the Suchedniów water reservoir, Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

The Suchedniów water reservoir is located in the central section of the River Kamionka in the northern part of the Holy Cross Mountains of central Poland. This area once belonged to the Old Polish Industrial District that, during the Middle Ages, was very intensively developed by iron metallurgy. Many forges and mills along the rivers used water power, which led to the construction of an anthropogenic, small-scale water retention system. At the beginning of the twentieth century many of these reservoirs were drained after the collapse of metallurgical activities. The present-day reservoir was built in 1974 and drained in 2017. Research into the drained basin has documented various forms and sediments, some of which record present-day depositional processes (fire proof clay layer, inland fan delta), while others represent the historical period (lacustrine sediments of older reservoirs). Traces of catastrophic events have been preserved as well; an assemblage of megaripples marks the sudden drainage caused by a dam break in 1974

Security of ICT networks for logistics

The overview study contains the most important issues decisive for ensuring the security of logistics ICT networks in the context of contemporary threats, at the same time bearing in mind their military dimension. It highlights the determinants influencing the functioning of the networks used to transmit information. The aspect of the need to ensure the protection of ICT networks dedicated to logistics has not been presented in this approach so far. The author first of all compares economic and hierarchical organizations based on the example of the armed forces. He also referred to the ICT networks of logistics of other uniformed formations

Wpływ zagrożeń wynikających z użytkowania nowoczesnych technologii informacyjnych na wyniki kształcenia studentów w uczelni wyższej. Część I

The second part of the publication discusses the results of practical research on the impact of threats to the use of modern information technologies and independent Internet-based acquisition of knowledge on the results of students’ learning outcomes. It presents the course of empirical research with the methods and tools used. The summary presents the conclusions that arose during and after the research. Attention was drawn to the broad spectrum, which so far has not been covered by civilian students of the hierarchical university. The negative impact of threats on unaware users of modern information technologies is highlighted and described.Druga część publikacji omawia wyniki badań praktycznych w zakresie oddziaływania zagrożeń stosowania nowoczesnych technologii informacyjnych oraz samodzielnego zdobywania wiedzy w oparciu o sieć Internet na wyniki kształcenia studentów. Zaprezentowano w nim przebieg badań empirycznych wraz zastosowanymi metodami oraz narzędziami. W podsumowaniu przedstawiono wnioski powstałe w tracie oraz po zakończeniu obszaru badawczego. Zwrócono uwagę na jego szerokie spektrum, którym dotychczas nie byli objęci studenci cywilni zhierarchizowanej uczelni wyższej. Podkreślono oraz opisano negatywny wpływ zagrożeń na nieświadomych użytkowników nowoczesnych technologii informacyjnych

Wpływ zagrożeń wynikających z użytkowania nowoczesnych technologii informacyjnych na wyniki kształcenia studentów w uczelni wyższej. Część I

The study presents theoretical assumptions of the research in the scope of the impact of threats resulting from the use of modern information technologies on students’ education outcomes. Part I addresses the theoretical and methodological aspect of research conducted in 2019. It systematizes the considerations undertaken, their brief characteristics, and the course of research. The conclusions include ones drawn after the implementation of the initial stage and the theoretical part together with the adopted assumptions. Attention was drawn to the broad spectrum of the research area, which so far has not covered civilian students of a hierarchical university in terms of the negative impact of threats resulting from the use of modern information technologies.W opracowaniu przedstawiono założenia teoretyczne badań w zakresie oddziaływania zagrożeń wynikających z stosowania nowoczesnych technologii informacyjnych na wyniki kształcenia studentów. Część I prezentuje aspekt teoretyczny oraz metodologiczny badań prowadzonych w 2019 roku. Dokonano usystematyzowania podjętych rozważań, ich krótkiej charakterystyki oraz przebiegu badań. We wnioskach ujęto konkluzje powstałe po realizacji etapu wstępnego oraz części teoretycznej wraz z przyjętymi założeniami. Zwrócono uwagę na szerokie spektrum obszaru badawczego, którym dotychczas nie byli objęci studenci cywilni zhierarchizowanej uczelni wyższej w aspekcie negatywnego wpływu zagrożeń wynikających z użytkowania nowoczesnych technologii informacyjnych

Possibilities of Powering Military Equipment Based on Renewable Energy Sources

Nowadays, the land forces of the Republic of Poland use mainly two forms of powering their equipment and military devices: by connecting various devices to the national power grid and by diesel-electric generators of individual vehicles. With the first solution, power cuts have to be taken into account. In the latter case, it is necessary to ensure large fuel deliveries on a timely manner. It entails a search for new solutions able to effectively meet the needs of an individual soldier and command posts. It has inspired engineers to work on renewable energy sources. This review paper presents a concept for photovoltaic cells usage and a concept for air turbines used to charge electric power sources of different powers for the individual needs of soldiers and command posts. Examples of solutions for mobile energy systems are presented in the research work. They were verified in terms of their suitability for military applications. The concept of using a personal device to supply power for charging batteries and elements of individual soldier equipment, including low-power radio stations, has been presented as well

Possibilities of Powering Military Equipment Based on Renewable Energy Sources

Nowadays, the land forces of the Republic of Poland use mainly two forms of powering their equipment and military devices: by connecting various devices to the national power grid and by diesel-electric generators of individual vehicles. With the first solution, power cuts have to be taken into account. In the latter case, it is necessary to ensure large fuel deliveries on a timely manner. It entails a search for new solutions able to effectively meet the needs of an individual soldier and command posts. It has inspired engineers to work on renewable energy sources. This review paper presents a concept for photovoltaic cells usage and a concept for air turbines used to charge electric power sources of different powers for the individual needs of soldiers and command posts. Examples of solutions for mobile energy systems are presented in the research work. They were verified in terms of their suitability for military applications. The concept of using a personal device to supply power for charging batteries and elements of individual soldier equipment, including low-power radio stations, has been presented as well

The dynamical modelling of thermophotovoltaic installations

In response to rising demand for renewable energy it is necessary to search for new ways of its production. One of the high-efficient solutions might be the hybrid of photovoltaic cells and photothermic collectors. Its final electric efficiency outmatches any other standard installations due to its liquid cooling. Additional advantage is heat of the mentioned cooling fluid which may be used for production of domestic hot water. This thesis presents the results of computer dynamic model and practical analysis of monocrystalline photovoltaic module and heating collector bind together to create hybrid PVT system. The experimental studies allowed to define the electrical and thermal characteristics of system with hybrid solar collector, which were used to validation of created dynamic model. Simulations in TRNSYS software enabled analysis of operating parameters of various installations during the year