Field evidence of swash groundwater circulation in the microtidal rousty beach, France

International audienceThis manuscript reports on a novel field experiment carried out on a microtidal beach in Camargue, France. For the first time in the field, a comprehensive description of the groundwater dynamics under sandy beach swash zone is presented. A cross-shore network of 15 buried pressure sensors is combined with terrestrial LiDAR measurements to study the swash-groundwater dynamics. The presented data focus on the decay of a moderate storm which allows to monitor the evolution of the groundwater pressure field in response to the retreat of the swash zone. Both horizontal and vertical head gradients are measured within the porous sand soil to estimate the groundwater flow field using Darcy’s law. Time-averaged analysis demonstrates the presence of a rather consistent groundwater circulation pattern under the swash zone, shifting offshore with the swash zone. The main tendency is an offshore directed flow, with infiltration/exfiltration in the upper/lower parts of the swash zone. Time-resolved analysis highlights the typical groundwater response to swash events which consists mainly of an overall infiltration flow during the bed inundation by the swash tongue, a seaward flow during the swash retreat and, for long backwash events, a localized exfiltration flow under the next incoming uprush

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

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Extreme events and the cumulative distribution of net gains in gambling and structured products

International audienceWe argue that ethical principles in advertising and market communication cannot be properly discovered and applied to gambling without a deep understanding of its probabilistic implications, in particular when extreme events are influential. We carry out a probabilistic analysis of lottery games with lifetime prizes in order to derive sound recommendations about the pertinent information that should be communicated to nudge gamblers. We propose to focus on the cumulative distribution of net gains, for which there is currently no information available to gamblers. This holds true for structured products in which extreme events matter as well

Win or Lose for Life ? Regards croisés sur les jeux de hasard et les produits structurés

Nous discutons de la pertinence des informations communiquées sur la nature des événements extrêmes dans les jeux de hasard et les produits structurés. Nous considérons le jeu « Win for Life » et soulignons que l’absence de toute information communiquée à l’égard de la distribution des gains nets cumulés, pourtant riche en enseignements, est regrettable. Nous comparons ensuite les probabilités liées à ce jeu de hasard à celles relatives à deux types de produits structurés pour lesquels des « scenarios catastrophes » ne peuvent pas être exclus : les « credit linked notes » et les crédits indexés sur taux de change. Nous concluons en rappelant que l’objectif du régulateur doit être de transmettre au citoyen des informations judicieuses et lisibles, qui lui permettent de prendre une décision de manière éclairée. Le cas du « Win for Life » démontre qu’il reste du chemin à parcourir

Contact inter-îles des temps précolombiens au début de la colonisation.: A propos du Tombeau des Caraïbes : l’Histoire et les mythes facteurs de constitution identitaire

International audienceLe peuplement amérindien des Petites Antilles se ramènerait à ce jour à l’arrivée en provenance du continent sud-américain d’une culture précéramique et de quatre cultures céramiques au moins. Les plus récentes, celles des Tainos des Grandes Antilles et celle des Kallinagos des Petites Antilles, les dits, « Caraïbes insulaires », sont les plus connues. Entrés dès le IV ème siècle avant notre ère dans les îles du sud des Petites Antilles, les Amérindiens remontés vers le nord ont établi au fil des siècles de vastes réseaux d’échanges. Ils concernent non seulement l’archipel antillais mais aussi la Méso-Amérique et des régions aussi lointaines que le Venezuela, les Guyanes, la côte caraïbe colombienne et sans doute des régions au-delà de l’isthme de Panama. La complexité et l’amplitude de ces contacts qui mêlaient la guerre, l’échange de femmes, le troc de biens, n’ont été pris en compte que récemment. Il résulte de ce brassage ethnique que les sociétés amérindiennes insulaires les plus récentes ont impacté, bien au-delà de ce que l’on croit, les sociétés postcoloniales hispanophones, anglophones et créolophones. Le fonds culturel amérindien ne se résume pas seulement à l’usage de mots issus de langues amérindiennes des Antilles et du Brésil. On constate l’existence d’un courant identitaire amérindien très fort. Il se traduit par une quête des origines, un engouement pour l’histoire des amérindiens insulaires. Des descendants des amérindiens insulaires, avérés ou imaginés comme tels, s’instaurent en dépositaires des savoirs ancestraux. Ils réinterprètent des lieux géographiques, comme les grottes, des montagnes de formes inhabituelles. Ils imaginent la fonction originelle de certains objets archéologiques. Comme gardiens d’une tradition, ils font revivre de supposés rituels et des pratiques chamaniques. ils remettent en cause la réalité de certains acquis scientifiques. L’imaginaire est bien le réel

Diasporic Britishness: Opening Spaces of Hybridity in the Notting Hill Carnival

International audienc

Diasporic Britishness: Opening Spaces of Hybridity in the Notting Hill Carnival

International audienc