Ce que j'ai vu en Malaisie

Au retour de son premier « terrain » en Malaisie, Jeanne Cuisinier, l'une des pionnières de l'ethnologie professionnelle en France, partage ses connaissances dans une série de conférences radiophoniques destinées au grand public. Pédagogue, très bonne narratrice, l'ethnologue offre aux auditeurs une occasion de découvrir son métier, d'approcher la diversité des peuples de la péninsule malaise, mais aussi de questionner les préjugés raciaux et coloniaux de l'époque. Derrière l'apparente légèreté de son propos, elle nous lègue une vision unique de la Malaisie des années 1930, de vraies leçons d'ethnographie et le plaisir de la joyeuse empathie qu'elle pratiquait face à l'altérité culturelle. Ces textes paraissent pour la première fois en français. Ils viennent d'être publiés à Kuala Lumpur en anglais, malais et chinois

Improving dental epithelial junction on dental implants with bioengineered peptides

Introduction: The functionalization of titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) implant surfaces via material-specific peptides influence host/biomaterial interaction. The impact of using peptides as molecular linkers between cells and implant material to improve keratinocyte adhesion is reported.Results: The metal binding peptides (MBP-1, MBP-2) SVSVGMKPSPRP and WDPPTLKRPVSP were selected via phage display and combined with laminin-5 or E-cadherin epithelial cell specific peptides (CSP-1, CSP-2) to engineer four metal-cell specific peptides (MCSPs). Single-cell force spectroscopy and cell adhesion experiments were performed to select the most promising candidate. In vivo tests using the dental implant for rats showed that the selected bi functional peptide not only enabled stable cell adhesion on the trans-gingival part of the dental implant but also arrested the unwanted apical migration of epithelial cells.Conclusion: The results demonstrated the outstanding performance of the bioengineered peptide in improving epithelial adhesion to Ti based implants and pointed towards promising new opportunities for applications in clinical practice

Investigation of the in vitro photocatalytic antibacterial activity of nanocrystalline TiO2 and coupled TiO2/Ag containing copolymer on the surface of medical grade titanium

Antibacterial surfaces have been in the focus of research for years, driven by an unmet clinical need to manage an increasing incidence of implant-associated infections. The use of silver has become a topic of interest because of its proven broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and track record as a coating agent of soft tissue implants and catheters. However, for the time being, the translation of these technological achievements for the improvement of the antibacterial property of hard tissue titanium (Ti) implants remains unsolved. In our study, we focused on the investigation of the photocatalysis mediated antibacterial activity of silver (Ag), and Ti nanoparticles instead of their pharmacological effects. We found that the photosensitisation of commercially pure titanium discs by coating them with an acrylate-based copolymer that embeds coupled Ag/Ti nanoparticles can initiate the photocatalytic decomposition of adsorbed S. salivarius after the irradiation with an ordinary visible light source. The clinical isolate of S. salivarius was characterised with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, while the multiplication of the bacteria on the surface of the discs was followed-up by MTT assay. Concerning practical relevance, the infected implant surfaces can be made accessible and irradiated by dental curing units with LED and plasma arc light sources, our research suggests that photocatalytic copolymer coating films may offer a promising solution for the improvement of the antibacterial properties of dental implants

Chemical treatment of the intra-canal dentin surface: a new approach to modify dentin hydrophobicity

Objective This study evaluated the hydrophobicity of dentin surfaces that were modified through chemical silanization with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Material and Methods An in vitro experimental study was performed using 40 human permanent incisors that were divided into the following two groups: non-silanized and silanized. The specimens were pretreated and chemically modified with OTS. After the chemical modification, the dentin hydrophobicity was examined using a water contact angle measurement (WCA). The effectiveness of the modification of hydrophobicity was verified by the fluid permeability test (FPT). Results and Conclusions Statistically significant differences were found in the values of WCA and FPT between the two groups. After silanization, the hydrophobic intraradicular dentin surface exhibited in vitro properties that limit fluid penetration into the sealed root canal. This chemical treatment is a new approach for improving the sealing of the root canal system

Characterization of Degraded Cartilage Using Confocal Raman Microscopy

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease with pathological changes at the molecular level. Moreover, the damage to articular cartilage is irreversible. Early detection and the ability to follow the progression of osteoarthritis are essential to anticipate management. To characterize degraded human articular cartilage and to identify cellular changes that are precursors of phenotypic matrix changes in osteoarthritis, normal and degraded articular cartilage explants were harvested from the same patient’s knee after informed consent. The blocks were washed several times (four times) with phosphate-buffered saline (often abbreviated to PBS) and then fixed on CaF2 slides using Cell-Tak® (an adhesive glue), and the whole set was placed in different Petri dishes containing PBS for Raman measurements. The analysis of the spectroscopic data allowed to differentiate degraded cartilage from normal cartilage by applying intensity ratios of some Raman bands and/or spectral regions. In addition, peaks at 864, 929, 945, 1107, 1386, and 2887 cm−1 were identified as characteristic Raman markers of degraded cartilage. The use of confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) has proven to be relevant in providing biochemical information necessary to characterize OA cartilage. CRM appears to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of osteoarthritis in both early and late stages

Improving dental epithelial junction on dental implants with bioengineered peptides

Introduction: The functionalization of titanium (Ti) and titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) implant surfaces via material-specific peptides influence host/biomaterial interaction. The impact of using peptides as molecular linkers between cells and implant material to improve keratinocyte adhesion is reported.Results: The metal binding peptides (MBP-1, MBP-2) SVSVGMKPSPRP and WDPPTLKRPVSP were selected via phage display and combined with laminin-5 or E-cadherin epithelial cell specific peptides (CSP-1, CSP-2) to engineer four metal-cell specific peptides (MCSPs). Single-cell force spectroscopy and cell adhesion experiments were performed to select the most promising candidate. In vivo tests using the dental implant for rats showed that the selected bi functional peptide not only enabled stable cell adhesion on the trans-gingival part of the dental implant but also arrested the unwanted apical migration of epithelial cells.Conclusion: The results demonstrated the outstanding performance of the bioengineered peptide in improving epithelial adhesion to Ti based implants and pointed towards promising new opportunities for applications in clinical practice

Bone mineralization

International audienc

PROTHESE PARTIELLE AMOVIBLE A CHASSIS METALLIQUE (IMPERATIFS PARODONTAUX)

STRASBOURG-Medecine (674822101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Carbonated hydroxyapatites precipitated in the presence of Ti

International audienc