26 research outputs found
Stratification sociale et structuration des opinions : la prévalence de la variable du diplôme (encadré)
Get PDFGlobal response of Plasmodium falciparum to hyperoxia: a combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach
Get PDF<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Over its life cycle, the <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>parasite is exposed to different environmental conditions, particularly to variations in O<sub>2 </sub>pressure. For example, the parasite circulates in human venous blood at 5% O<sub>2 </sub>pressure and in arterial blood, particularly in the lungs, at 13% O<sub>2 </sub>pressure. Moreover, the parasite is exposed to 21% O<sub>2 </sub>levels in the salivary glands of mosquitoes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To study the metabolic adaptation of <it>P. falciparum </it>to different oxygen pressures during the intraerythrocytic cycle, a combined approach using transcriptomic and proteomic techniques was undertaken.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Even though hyperoxia lengthens the parasitic cycle, significant transcriptional changes were detected in hyperoxic conditions in the late-ring stage. Using PS 6.0™ software (Ariadne Genomics) for microarray analysis, this study demonstrate up-expression of genes involved in antioxidant systems and down-expression of genes involved in the digestive vacuole metabolism and the glycolysis in favour of mitochondrial respiration. Proteomic analysis revealed increased levels of heat shock proteins, and decreased levels of glycolytic enzymes. Some of this regulation reflected post-transcriptional modifications during the hyperoxia response.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results seem to indicate that hyperoxia activates antioxidant defence systems in parasites to preserve the integrity of its cellular structures. Moreover, environmental constraints seem to induce an energetic metabolism adaptation of <it>P. falciparum</it>. This study provides a better understanding of the adaptive capabilities of <it>P. falciparum </it>to environmental changes and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic targets.</p
Hervé Le Bras : Une autre France
No full textFourquet Jérôme. Hervé Le Bras : Une autre France. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2003-3. Populations, élections, territoires. pp. 550-551
Vote Front National 1984-2002, géographies et interprétations successives : une équation politique
No full textNational Front vote 1984-2002, Changing Geographies and Interpretations: a Political Equation.
At the French presidential election of 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen, extreme right candidate, receives 16,86 % of the vote cast, is second- placed, eliminates Lionel Jospin, Socialist Party candidate and out-going Prime Minister, and takes on Jacques Chirac in the second round. In 28 years, since 1974, date when the National Front appears in the present form, its rise has been spectacular but the geographies and sources of Le Pen vote have changed. These often profound modifications in geography and voting behaviour are placed in context, for which interpretations are offered in the article.Aux élections présidentielles françaises de 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen, candidat d'extrême droite, obtient 16,86 % des exprimés, arrive en seconde position, élimine Lionel Jospin, candidat du PS et Premier Ministre sortant, et s'oppose à Jacques Chirac au second tour. En 28 ans, depuis 1974, date de l'apparition du Front National en tant que tel, la progression est spectaculaire mais les géographies et les ressorts du vote Le Pen se sont modifiés. Ce sont ces modifications des géographies du vote et de ses ressorts souvent profonds que l'article met en perspective et dont il propose des interprétations.Buléon Pascal, Fourquet Jérôme. Vote Front National 1984-2002, géographies et interprétations successives : une équation politique. In: Espace, populations, sociétés, 2003-3. Populations, élections, territoires. pp. 453-467
