In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and essential oils of Cinnamomum, Salvia, and Menthaspp. against foodborne pathogens: a meta‐analysis study

Genetic analysis of the honey bee spermathecal content can be particularly useful to provide an estimate of the genetic diversity and purity of the surrounding populations. Here we compared the concentration and quality of DNA extracted from queen spermatheca using four commercial kits to determine the best method to obtain DNA suitable for single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by next-generation sequencing. The four kits were tested with different adjustments in the lysis incubation time, use of RNA-carrier, elution conditions and number of re-elutions. Only the use of QIAamp DNA Microkit with 3 h of lysis incubation, the addition of RNA-carrier and multiple re-elutions produced a DNA concentration over the required threshold.Contributions of Jakob Wegener and Eduard Musin were supported by funds of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture based on a decision of the Parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany via the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food, grant number 2818BM040. Dora Henriques was supported by BEEHAPPY (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-029871; FCT and COMPETE/QREN/EU). Ana R. Lopes and Carlos A. Yadró were supported by Fundaçãoo para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) grants SFRH/BD/143627/2019 and 2021.06948.BD, respectively. FCT provided financial support by national funds (FCT/MCTES) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2021).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Meta-analysis of in vitro antimicrobial capacity of extracts and essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum, Citrus L. and Origanum L.: contrasting the results of different antimicrobial susceptibility methods

Diffusion methods, including agar disk-diffusion and agar well-diffusion, as well as dilution methods such as broth and agar dilution, are frequently employed to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of extracts and essential oils (EOs) derived from Origanum L., Syzygium aromaticum, and Citrus L. The results are reported as inhibition diameters (IDs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), respectively. In order to investigate potential sources of variability in antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and to assess whether a correlation exists between ID and MIC measurements, meta-analytical regression models were built using in vitro data obtained through a systematic literature search. The pooled ID models revealed varied bacterial susceptibilities to the extracts and in some cases, the plant species and methodology utilised impacted the measurements obtained (p 0.05). The ID–MIC model revealed an inverse correlation (R2=47.7%) and highlighted the fact that the extract dose highly modulated the relationship (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study encourage the use of extracts and EOs derived from Origanum, Syzygium aromaticum, and Citrus to prevent bacterial growth. Additionally, this study underscores several variables that can impact ID and MIC measurements and expose the correlation between the two types of results.The authors are grateful to the EU PRIMA program and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for funding the ArtiSaneFood project (PRIMA/0001/2018) and for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). This study was supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. B.N. Silva acknowledges the financial support provided by FCT through the Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/137801/2018. U. GonzalesBarron acknowledges the through the Institutional Scientific Employment Program contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Resistome and virulome diversity of foodborne pathogens isolated from artisanal food production chain of animal origin in the Mediterranean region

The aim of the present study was to investigate the resistome and virulome diversity of 43 isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. aureus collected from artisanal fermented meat and dairy products and their production environments in Portugal, Spain, Italy and Morocco. After DNA extraction, genomes were sequenced, and de novo assembled. Genetic relationships among genomes were investigated by SNP calling and in silico 7- loci MLST. Genomes of the same species belonged to different ST-types demonstrating the circulation of different clones in in the same artisanal production plant. One specific clone included genomes of S. Paratyphi B belonging to ST43 and repeatedly isolated for more than a year in an artisanal sausage production plant. No genomes but three (belonging to Salmonella enterica), were predicted as multiresistant to different antimicrobials classes. Regarding virulence, genomes of L. monocytogenes belonging to ST1, ST3 and ST489, as well as genomes of S.enterica enterica (ST43, ST33, ST314, ST3667, ST1818, ST198) and ST121 S. aureus were predicted as virulent and hypervirulent. The occurrence of virulent and hypervirulent L. monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and S. aureus strains in artisanal fermented meat and dairy productions as well as in their finished products suggests the need for a specific focus on prevention and control measures able to reduce the risk of these biological hazards in artisanal food productions

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriocinogenic Enterococcal and Lactococcal Strains from South of Morocco Dairy Product

Aim: To investigate the occurrence of bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (BAL) in different animal’s milk of the south of Morocco. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Microbial biotechnologies and plant Protection, Faculty of Sciences, and Bioprocess and Environment laboratory (LASIME), EST-Agadir, Ibnou Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco, between January 2014 and January 2016. Methodology: A total of 2000 different colonies, isolated from 42 samples of dromedary, ewe’s, goat and cow spontaneously fermented milk collected from some southern regions of Morocco, were tested for antimicrobial activity. Three indicator strains were used; Listeria innocua, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus hirae. The selected strains are phenotypically and biochemically identified, especially by API 20 Strep galleries. In addition, the sanitary and technological aspects of these strains are studied. Results: Among the active strains 150 strains were selected, and 91% among them were identified as lactic acid bacteria. Out of these, 11 strains isolated from dromedary and ewe’s milk are shown to be active by the agar well diffusion assay (AWDA). Seven (7) strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium, three (3) as Enterococcus faecalis and only one (1) strain was identified as Lactococcus lactis. The twelve strains are active against a wide range of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, all of these strains shown to lack haemolytic, decarboxylatic, proteolytic and lipolytic activities and to be susceptible to most tested antibiotics. Conclusion: These results suggest a potential application of isolated strains of lactic acid bacteria in bio-preservation of fermented foods especially dairy products

In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts and essential oils of Cinnamomum, Salvia, and Mentha spp. against foodborne pathogens: a meta-analysis study

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) are a class of natural products that exhibit potent antimicrobial properties against a broad spectrum of bacteria. Inhibition diameters (IDs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are the typical measures of antimicrobial activity for extracts and EOs obtained from Cinnamomum, Salvia, and Mentha species. This study used a meta-analytical regression analysis to investigate the correlation between ID and MIC measurements and the variability in antimicrobial susceptibility tests. By utilizing pooled ID models, this study revealed significant differences in foodborne pathogens susceptibility to extracts, which were dependent on both the plant species and the methodology employed (p  .05). An inverse correlation between ID and MIC measurements was identified (p < .0001). These findings suggest that extracts and EOs obtained from Cinnamomum, Salvia, and Mentha spp. have the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. The study highlights the importance of considering various factors that may influence ID and MIC measurements when assessing the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents.The authors are grateful to the EU PRIMA program and the Moroccan Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation (MESRSI), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness—the State Research Agency (AEI-MINECO) for funding the ArtiSaneFood project (PRIMA/0001/2018). The authors are grateful for the financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020). This study was supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. B. N. Silva acknowledges the financial support provided by FCT through the Ph.D. grant SFRH/BD/137801/2018. U. Gonzales-Barron acknowledges the support provided through the Institutional Scientific Employment Program contract.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio