69 research outputs found
ON TIME DELAY ESTIMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE STUDY OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CEREBRAL AREAS
Five methods for time delay estimation are discussed: the Basic Cross Correlation method, the Generalized Cross Correlation method, the Average Amount of Mutual Information, the Maximum Entropy of the Difference of 2 time series and the Directed Transinformation. In case of a priori knowledge, expressions for the maximum likelihood time delay estimators are derived. The application of these different methods in physiological applications will be discussed. Simulations are provided to illustrate some of the characteristics of the proposed methods
Naamlijst van vaste planten = List of names of perennials = Namenliste Stauden = Liste de noms des plantes vivaces
Molecular characterisation of acute intermittent porphyria in South Africa
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.Acute intermittent porphyria belongs to a group of inherited disorders of haem metabolism. The object of this project is to characterise the mutations in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) gene in a cohort of South African patients. The elucidation of these mutations will facilitate an understanding of the molecular basis of AIP in South Africa, and provide a platform for the screening of family members of affected patients. Identification of latent carriers would allow for education with respect to precipitants and how best to avoid them, so as to minimise the risk of provoking an acute attack
Proteinases and extracellular matrix degradation in breast cancer.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg , 1996.A variety of proteases have been shown to promote the progression of cancer by virtue of their ability to degrade extracellular proteinaceous barriers, such as
basement membrane and interstitial stroma. At the outset of this study available
evidence strongly implicated cathepsin D in breast cancer metastasis. It was
envisaged that an antibody inhibitory to the activity of this enzyme might retard
invasion, and restrain a tumour from spreading. To this end anti-peptide
antibodies were generated against a peptide sequence derived from the substrate
capturing "flap" of the enzyme. Inhibition of enzyme activity by these antibodies
could not be demonstrated, probably due to the lack of a suitably sensitive
enzyme assay. However, the rationale of this study and the expertise gained from
it could be applied, in the future, to enzymes that have since been found to be
more relevant to tumour invasion.
A feature of many transformed cells is an anomalous lysosomal enzyme
trafficking system, and concomitant hyper-secretion of some enzymes. The
distribution of low pH compartments and lysosomal enzyme-containing
compartments was investigated in human breast epithelial cells, and their c-Ha-ras-
transformed counterparts. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron
microscopy showed that these compartments have a more peripheral cellular
distribution with respect to normal cells, and cathepsins B and D were cell
surface-associated.
Studies were undertaken to reveal the extracellular matrix degrading ability of c-Ha-
ras-transformed cells. Transformed cells exhibited increased degradation of
fluorescein-labelled extracellular matrix in serum free medium, and increased motility, and degradation and disruption of extracellular matrix in serum-containing
medium. In vitro invasion through artificial basement membrane by
transformed cells was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, and was
further used to preliminarily identify the proteases involved in invasion by
specific inhibition. By this means, greatest inhibition of in vitro invasion was
obtained using a specific metalloproteinase inhibitor. Overexpression by
transformed cells of a metalloproteinase was detected by gelatin zymography.
Together these results suggest that the increased invasive capacity of ras-transformed
breast epithelial cells may be largely due to increased
metalloproteinase activity
A Musical instrument in MEMS
In this work we describe a MEMS instrument that resonates at audible frequencies, and with which music can be made. The sounds are generated by mechanical resonators and capacitive displacement sensors. Damping by air scales unfavourably for generating audible frequencies with small devices. Therefore a vacuum of 1.5 mbar is used to increase the quality factor and consequently the duration of the sounds to around 0.25 s. The instrument will be demonstrated during the MME 2010 conference opening, in a musical composition especially made for the occasion
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