Fair Hearing in Administrative Rule-Making: A Recent Experience Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic and Fair Packaging and Labeling Acts

In promulgating regulations to govern the labeling of foods under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, despite the objections of adversely affected parties, denied all requests for a public hearing. In this article the author reviews the hearing provisions of the Act, analyzes the position taken by the Food and Drug Administration, and concludes that the failure to grant a trial-type hearing on the labeling regulations was legally indefensible

Applications of DFT to the theory of twentieth-century harmony

Music theorists have only recently, following groundbreaking work by Quinn, recognized the potential for the DFT on pcsets, initially proposed by Lewin, to serve as the foundation of a theory of harmony for the twentieth century. This paper investigates pcset “arithmetic” – subset structure, transpositional combination, and interval content – through the lens of the DFT. It discusses relationships between interval classes and DFT magnitudes, considers special properties of dyads, pcset products, and generated collections, and suggest methods of using the DFT in analysis, including interpreting DFT magnitudes, using phase spaces to understand subset structure, and interpreting the DFT of Lewin’s interval function. Webern’s op. 5/4 and Bartok’s String Quartet 4, iv, are discussed.Accepted manuscrip

The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act: Its Legislative History, Content, and Future

The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (FPLA), which became effective on July 1, 1967, was designed to protect consumers by requiring informative labeling and nondeceptive packaging for consumer commodities. The statute has been described as an information bill. The first part is information largely about the label .... The second part of the bill is really, in a way, to try to eliminate the confusion in words so we have a common terminology, so we all speak the same language.... It is like establishing an alphabet ... in size designations. The author seeks to provide an insight into the new alphabet of the FPLA and the controversial regulations issued by the FTC and the FDA pursuant to the FPLA through a discussion of the legislative history and some of the present difficulties under the statute

Seeking social capital and expertise in a newly-formed research community: a co-author analysis

This exploratory study applies social network analysis techniques to existing, publicly available data to understand collaboration patterns within the co-author network of a federally-funded, interdisciplinary research program. The central questions asked: What underlying social capital structures can be determined about a group of researchers from bibliometric data and other publicly available existing data? What are ways social network tools characterize the interdisciplinarity or cross-disciplinarity of co-author teams? The names of 411 grantees were searched in the Web of Science indexing database; author information from the WoS search results resulted in a 191-member co-author network. Research domains were included as attribute data for the co-author network. UCINet social network analysis software calculated a large 60 node component and two larger components with 12 and 8 nodes respectively, the remainder of the network consisted of smaller 2-5 node components. Within the 191-node co-author network the following analyses were performed to learn more about the structural social capital of this group: Degree and Eigenvector centrality measures, brokerage measures, and constraint measures. Additionally, ten randomly selected dyads and the five 4-node cliques within the 191-node network were examined to find patterns of cross-disciplinary collaboration among researcher and within award teams. Award numbers were added as attribute data to five 4-node cliques and 10 random dyads; these showed instances of collaboration among interdisciplinary award teams. Collaboration patterns across disciplines are discussed. Data from this research could serve as a baseline measure for growth in future analyses of the case studied. This method is recommended as a tool to gain insights to a research community and to track publication collaboration growth over time. This research method shows potential as a way to identify aspects of a research community’s social structural capital, particularly within an interdisciplinary network to highlight where researchers are working well together or to learn where there is little collaboration

The Department of Consumers

In 1872, Congress began protecting the American consumer by enacting legislation to prevent mail fraud. From this modest beginning, the consumer protection activities of the federal government have proliferated until today there are at least 33 government agencies engaged in 296 consumer protection activities. In 1961, the estimated annual expenditures by the federal government for direct consumer protection activities totaled 272 million dollars and the number of full-time federal employees engaged in such activities was almost 22,000. Expenditures for consumer advancement, a broader concept, were estimated at 681 million dollars in 1961 and the number of full time federal employees assigned to such work was nearly 43,000. Current figures for such expenditures and employees would surely be substantially greater. This vast expenditure of money and time was not coordinated or administered by any single department or agency of the federal government. The activities were conducted independently except when independent federal agencies, in their own discretion, found it advisable to consult among themselves