El hongo entomopatógeno <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>: su interacción con insectos vectores de la enfermedad del Chagas y con el insecticida Deltametrina

Los hongos entomopatógenos son importantes reguladores naturales de las poblaciones de insecto, representando así un gran potencial como biocontroladores insectos vectores de enfermedades. Entre las principales especies de hongos entomopatógenos utilizadas en el control biológico encontramos a Beauveria bassiana. La Enfermedad de Chagas o Tripanosomiasis americana, es una infección parasitaria causada por el protozoo flagelado Tripanosoma cruzi (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) y transmitida al hombre principalmente mediante las deyecciones de los insectos hematófagos de la subfamilia Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). En la actualidad, en ausencia de una vacuna efectiva, la prevención de la transmisión vectorial consiste principalmente en evitar la proliferación de los insectos vector. En esta tesis se propone avanzar en el conocimiento de la interacción entre B. bassiana y el insecto Triatoma infestans (principal vectorde la Enfermedad de Chagas en nuestro país). Se cuantificaron parámetros biológicos de la interacción entre B.bassiana y T.infestans. Ademas, se simuló la dinámica poblacional del insecto en presencia del micoinsecticida. Por otra parte, se estudiaron aspectos de la respuesta bioquímica y molecular del hongo en presencia de un insecticida químico.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Biological Control of the Chagas Disease Vector Triatoma infestans with the Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana Combined with an Aggregation Cue: Field, Laboratory and Mathematical Modeling Assessment

Background: Current Chagas disease vector control strategies, based on chemical insecticide spraying, are growingly threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans populations in the Gran Chaco region of South America. Methodology and findings: We have already shown that the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has the ability to breach the insect cuticle and is effective both against pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans, in laboratory as well as field assays. It is also known that T. infestans cuticle lipids play a major role as contact aggregation pheromones. We estimated the effectiveness of pheromonebased infection boxes containing B. bassiana spores to kill indoor bugs, and its effect on the vector population dynamics. Laboratory assays were performed to estimate the effect of fungal infection on female reproductive parameters. The effect of insect exuviae as an aggregation signal in the performance of the infection boxes was estimated both in the laboratory and in the field. We developed a stage-specific matrix model of T. infestans to describe the fungal infection effects on insect population dynamics, and to analyze the performance of the biopesticide device in vector biological control. Conclusions: The pheromone-containing infective box is a promising new tool against indoor populations of this Chagas disease vector, with the number of boxes per house being the main driver of the reduction of the total domestic bug population. This ecologically safe approach is the first proven alternative to chemical insecticides in the control of T. infestans. The advantageous reduction in vector population by delayedaction fungal biopesticides in a contained environment is here shown supported by mathematical modeling.Fil: Forlani, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Pedrini, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Girotti, Juan Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Mijailovsky, Sergio Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Rubén Marino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina. Provincia de Salta. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Coordinación de Gestión Epidemiológica; ArgentinaFil: Gentile, Alberto G.. Provincia de Salta. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Coordinación de Gestión Epidemiológica; ArgentinaFil: Hernández Suárez, Carlos. Universidad de Colima. Facultad de Ciencias; MéxicoFil: Rabinovich, Jorge Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Marta Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata ; Argentin

Contribution of the horizontal transmission of the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> to the overall performance of a fungal powder formulation against <i>Triatoma infestans</i>

The aim of study was to investigate the effect of hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), arabic gum (AG), konjac glucomannan (KG) and apple pectin (AP) at 2% (w/w, potato–wheat flour basis) on the potato–wheat dough (the mass ratio was 1:1) rheological, fermentation and bread making properties. The tan d of potato–wheat dough was significantly increased upon addition of adding HPMC which was close to wheat dough (0.531). Moreover, dough height during fermentation process was significantly improved on addition of hydrocolloids, with the order of HPMC (23.1 mm)[AP (19.3 mm)[AG (18.6 mm)[ KG (13.6 mm). Protein bands of potato–wheat dough were pale in the presence of hydrocolloids, suggesting the formation of higher molecular weight aggregates formed between proteins–hydrocolloids or proteins–proteins after fermentation process. Furthermore, HPMC significantly increased specific volume (from 1.45 to 2.22 ml/g), and hydrocolloids restricted the retrogradation of starch in potato–wheat breads.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plat

Biological Control of the Chagas Disease Vector <i>Triatoma infestans</i> with the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> Combined with an Aggregation Cue: Field, Laboratory and Mathematical Modeling Assessment

Current Chagas disease vector control strategies, based on chemical insecticide spraying, are growingly threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans populations in the Gran Chaco region of South America. We have already shown that the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has the ability to breach the insect cuticle and is effective both against pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans, in laboratory as well as field assays. It is also known that T. infestans cuticle lipids play a major role as contact aggregation pheromones. We estimated the effectiveness of pheromone-based infection boxes containing B. bassiana spores to kill indoor bugs, and its effect on the vector population dynamics. Laboratory assays were performed to estimate the effect of fungal infection on female reproductive parameters. The effect of insect exuviae as an aggregation signal in the performance of the infection boxes was estimated both in the laboratory and in the field. We developed a stage-specific matrix model of T. infestans to describe the fungal infection effects on insect population dynamics, and to analyze the performance of the biopesticide device in vector biological control. The pheromone-containing infective box is a promising new tool against indoor populations of this Chagas disease vector, with the number of boxes per house being the main driver of the reduction of the total domestic bug population. This ecologically safe approach is the first proven alternative to chemical insecticides in the control of T. infestans. The advantageous reduction in vector population by delayed-action fungal biopesticides in a contained environment is here shown supported by mathematical modeling.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias MédicasCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Biological Control of the Chagas Disease Vector <i>Triatoma infestans</i> with the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> Combined with an Aggregation Cue: Field, Laboratory and Mathematical Modeling Assessment

Current Chagas disease vector control strategies, based on chemical insecticide spraying, are growingly threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans populations in the Gran Chaco region of South America. We have already shown that the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has the ability to breach the insect cuticle and is effective both against pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans, in laboratory as well as field assays. It is also known that T. infestans cuticle lipids play a major role as contact aggregation pheromones. We estimated the effectiveness of pheromone-based infection boxes containing B. bassiana spores to kill indoor bugs, and its effect on the vector population dynamics. Laboratory assays were performed to estimate the effect of fungal infection on female reproductive parameters. The effect of insect exuviae as an aggregation signal in the performance of the infection boxes was estimated both in the laboratory and in the field. We developed a stage-specific matrix model of T. infestans to describe the fungal infection effects on insect population dynamics, and to analyze the performance of the biopesticide device in vector biological control. The pheromone-containing infective box is a promising new tool against indoor populations of this Chagas disease vector, with the number of boxes per house being the main driver of the reduction of the total domestic bug population. This ecologically safe approach is the first proven alternative to chemical insecticides in the control of T. infestans. The advantageous reduction in vector population by delayed-action fungal biopesticides in a contained environment is here shown supported by mathematical modeling.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias MédicasCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Biological Control of the Chagas Disease Vector <i>Triatoma infestans</i> with the Entomopathogenic Fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> Combined with an Aggregation Cue: Field, Laboratory and Mathematical Modeling Assessment

Current Chagas disease vector control strategies, based on chemical insecticide spraying, are growingly threatened by the emergence of pyrethroid-resistant Triatoma infestans populations in the Gran Chaco region of South America. We have already shown that the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana has the ability to breach the insect cuticle and is effective both against pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant T. infestans, in laboratory as well as field assays. It is also known that T. infestans cuticle lipids play a major role as contact aggregation pheromones. We estimated the effectiveness of pheromone-based infection boxes containing B. bassiana spores to kill indoor bugs, and its effect on the vector population dynamics. Laboratory assays were performed to estimate the effect of fungal infection on female reproductive parameters. The effect of insect exuviae as an aggregation signal in the performance of the infection boxes was estimated both in the laboratory and in the field. We developed a stage-specific matrix model of T. infestans to describe the fungal infection effects on insect population dynamics, and to analyze the performance of the biopesticide device in vector biological control. The pheromone-containing infective box is a promising new tool against indoor populations of this Chagas disease vector, with the number of boxes per house being the main driver of the reduction of the total domestic bug population. This ecologically safe approach is the first proven alternative to chemical insecticides in the control of T. infestans. The advantageous reduction in vector population by delayed-action fungal biopesticides in a contained environment is here shown supported by mathematical modeling.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La PlataFacultad de Ciencias MédicasCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Contribution of the horizontal transmission of the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> to the overall performance of a fungal powder formulation against <i>Triatoma infestans</i>

The aim of study was to investigate the effect of hydroxylpropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), arabic gum (AG), konjac glucomannan (KG) and apple pectin (AP) at 2% (w/w, potato–wheat flour basis) on the potato–wheat dough (the mass ratio was 1:1) rheological, fermentation and bread making properties. The tan d of potato–wheat dough was significantly increased upon addition of adding HPMC which was close to wheat dough (0.531). Moreover, dough height during fermentation process was significantly improved on addition of hydrocolloids, with the order of HPMC (23.1 mm)[AP (19.3 mm)[AG (18.6 mm)[ KG (13.6 mm). Protein bands of potato–wheat dough were pale in the presence of hydrocolloids, suggesting the formation of higher molecular weight aggregates formed between proteins–hydrocolloids or proteins–proteins after fermentation process. Furthermore, HPMC significantly increased specific volume (from 1.45 to 2.22 ml/g), and hydrocolloids restricted the retrogradation of starch in potato–wheat breads.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plat

Public education in Argentina under the third neoliberal fall

El presente artículo analiza los impactos de las políticas neoliberales implementadas durante la gestión gubernamental de Cambiemos (2015-2019) en el ámbito educativo argentino. En este sentido, se parte de un enfoque teórico que trasciende al neoliberalismo como un cúmulo de políticas de gobierno para divisar el carácter sofisticado del dispositivo de subjetivación política que este constituye, apuntando a registrar las principales transformaciones a nivel de las políticas públicas en el ámbito educativo y sus respectivas apuestas subjetivantes. La premisa que guía el trabajo se centra en que la existencia de una pretensión colonizadora por parte del modelo empresarial, en relación a la gestión pública estatal en el ámbito educativo, opera en un doble registro: cierre o desfinanciamiento de programas educativos y construcción de un imaginariosocial de apatía en relación a lo común, sumado a un desprestigio de lo público.El trabajo concluye con reflexiones de retaguardia (De Sousa Santos, 2014) respecto al despliegue de una praxis política de la resistencia en pos de contribuir desde el pensamiento crítico a la disputa por otro orden social posible, radicalmente democrático (Mouffe, 2012). En lo referente a lo metodológica el trabajo se despliega a partir de un abordaje cualitativo multidisciplinar que apela a un análisis macro y micro social, valiéndonos para ello de la revisión de bibliografía especializada en el tema y recurriendo al registro de documentos, notas, declaraciones oficiales y publicaciones digitales como fuentes de investigación.This article analyzes the impacts of the neoliberal policies implemented during the government administration of Cambiemos (2015-2019) in the Argentine educational field. In this sense, a theoretical approach is started that transcends neoliberalism as a cluster of government policies to discern the sophisticated nature of the device of political subjectivation that it constitutes, aiming to record the main transformations at the level of public policies in the educational field and their respective subjective bets. The premise that guides the work focuses on the fact that the existence of a colonizing claim on the part of the business model, in relation to state public management in the educational field, operates in a double register: closure or underfunding of educational programs and construction of a social imaginary of apathy in relation to the common, added to a loss of prestige of the public. The work concludes with reflections from the rear (De Sousa Santos, 2014) regarding the deployment of a political praxis of resistance in order to contribute from critical thinking to the dispute for another possible social order, radically democratic (Mouffe, 2012).Regarding the methodological, the work unfolds from a multidisciplinary qualitative approach that appeals to a macro and micro social analysis, making use of the specialized bibliography review on the subject and resorting to the registration of documents, notes, official statements and digital publications as sources of research.Fil: Rauch, Nery Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Territoriales y Educativas - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Territoriales y Educativas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Forlani, Nicolas. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schachtel, Emilio Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentin

Simulated time series of the effects of the pathogen on the size of a <i>T</i>. <i>infestans</i> population during 240 days for four selected values of the box Efficacy factor (<i>E</i>), and four selected number of boxes (<i>n</i>) per house.

<p>Simulated time series of the effects of the pathogen on the size of a <i>T</i>. <i>infestans</i> population during 240 days for four selected values of the box Efficacy factor (<i>E</i>), and four selected number of boxes (<i>n</i>) per house.</p

Aggregation response of <i>T</i>. <i>infestans</i> fifth instar nymphs exposed to an exuviae suspension.

<p>The arena was a square box half-painted with the exuviae suspension. A: painted surface, B: unpainted surface.</p