El escritorio de la oficina italiana : “la producción en masa y la pieza única” hacia la modernidad

In Italy the history of modern equipment design has shitied between ‘mass production and one-off’, as architects Gio Ponti and Antonio Fornaroli wrote in an article in the magazine Domus (1948). Starting from this important reflection by the two Italian architects, the article takes into consideration the case study of office furniture. The aim of the article is to identify the cultural landscape of Italian design during the twentieth century, taking into consideration the example of the office desk as fil rouge of the history of design in Italy. The methodology adopted is deductive: starting from the selection of some case studies (desks designed for some elitist furnishings or, vice versa, for serial reproduction) and in relation to the architectural and cultural context in which they were created, some key concepts are deduced in order to understand the progressive adherence of Italian architects to the idea of modernity, and then to the massification of industrial design. New materials and ancient ‘know-how’ have merged into projects that have distinguished the history of design in Italy as original. The conclusion highlights how in the history of Italian office furniture as a multi-faceted history, where elite furniture can become a democratic product, until it becomes part of the contemporary office.RESUMEN : En Italia, la historia del diseño de equipos modernos se ha movido entre la "producción en masa y la producción única", como escribieron los arquitectos Gio Ponti y Antonio Fornaroli en un articulo en la revista Domus (1948). A partir de esta importante reflexión de los dos arquitectos italianos, el articulo toma en consideración el caso de los muebles de oficina. El objetivo del articulo es identificar el paisaje cultural del diseño italiano durante el siglo XX, tomando en consideración el ejemplo del escritorio de la oficina como fil rouge de la historia del diseño en Italia. La metodología adoptada es deductiva: a partir de la selección de algunos estudios de casos (escritorios diseñados para algunos muebles elitistas o, viceversa, para la reproducción en serie) y en relación con el contexto arquitectónico y cultural en el que fueron creados, se deducen algunos conceptos clave para comprender la progresiva adhesión de los arquitectos italianos a la idea de la modernidad y, posteriormente, a la masificación del diseño industrial. Los nuevos materiales y el antiguo "saber hacer" se han fusionado en proyectos que han distinguido la historia del diseño en Italia como original. La conclusión pone de relieve cómo en la historia del mobiliario de oficina italiano como una historia polifacética, donde el mobiliario de élite puede convertirse en un producto democrático, hasta llegar a formar parte de la oficina contemporánea.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Italian Office Desk: ‘Mass production and one-off piece’ towards the modernity / El escritorio de la oficina italiana: “La producción en masa y la pieza única” hacia la modernidad

In Italy the history of modern equipment design has shifted between ‘mass production and one-off’, as architects Gio Ponti and Antonio Fornaroli wrote in an article in the magazine Domus (1948). Starting from this important reflection by the two Italian architects, the article takes into consideration the case study of office furniture. The aim of the article is to identify the cultural landscape of Italian design during the twentieth century, taking into consideration the example of the office desk as fil rouge of the history of design in Italy. The methodology adopted is deductive: starting from the selection of some case studies (desks designed for some elitist furnishings or, vice versa, for serial reproduction) and in relation to the architectural and cultural context in which they were created, some key concepts are deduced in order to understand the progressive adherence of Italian architects to the idea of modernity, and then to the massification of industrial design. New materials and ancient ‘know-how’ have merged into projects that have distinguished the history of design in Italy as original. The conclusion highlights how in the history of Italian office furniture as a multi-faceted history, where elite furniture can become a democratic product, until it becomes part of the contemporary office

The interno nell’interno: Some furnishing paradigms for an interior as interiority

This essay uses the Italian expression “l’interno nell’interno” to identify a specific case of the relationship between interior and interiority in the history of furnishing and interior design. From the Middle Ages to the twentieth century in Western culture various types of furniture locate a specific type of space—made of wood, curtains or masonry—within a previous domestic space. These new spaces are often bound up with the desires for privacy, well-being and concentration. They permit people to withdraw into themselves, to have more intimacy, or engage in a privileged dialogue with others. To demonstrate this close relationship between interior and interiority this essay chooses three typologies of the “interno nell’interno”: namely the studiolo, master bed and window. The first two are analysed as pieces of furniture, while the window is analysed as a space. The three typologies are selected for their special character as paradigms in the history of furnishing and interior design and their unique character as spaces of interiority. The essay analyses them by drawing on authors who write on the history of art, literature, philosophy, psychology, interiority, in addition to specialized texts on the history of interiors and architecture. In the conclusion, with the use of phenomenological and psychoanalytical approaches (especially Elvio Fachinelli’s claustrophilic interiorisation), the essay demonstrates that these three models were true rooms of interiority in past ages. The studiolo, master bed and window can be considered mediums of inner development and wellbeing. The purpose of the essay is to show that the history of furnishing and of interior design can be understood and interpreted in accordance with values complementary to those commonly used, values that adopt an interdisciplinary approach and problematicity as a method of study, in order to shed light on the actual relationship between interior and interiority. Although this relationship was more evident in past ages, rather than in the present, the interpretational method adopted here is also offered as a possible key to studies of contemporary interiors. This article is published as part of a collection on interiorities

Conduttività e paradosso di Klein nel grafene

Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di analizzare le proprietà elettriche del grafene. Nel primo capitolo si introducono la struttura cristallina del materiale e, tramite il modello di approssimazione di tight binding, la sua struttura elettronica. Poi, sviluppando la relazione di dispersione intorno ai punti speciali della prima zona di Brillouin, viene evidenziata la particolare presenza dei coni di Dirac. Nel secondo capitolo si studia la conduttività del grafene partendo dal modello classico e arrivando alla conduttività minima, dimostrata tramite la formula di Landauer. Nel terzo capitolo viene evidenziato qual è il significato della corrispondenza tra i fermioni senza massa e gli elettroni nel grafene, dimostrando infine il paradosso di Klein

Results and complications of facial reanimation following cerebellopontine angle surgery

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the results of a group of patients following treatment for cerebellopontine angle lesions who developed postoperative facial palsy and underwent facial nerve repair in order to reanimate the muscles of facial expression. A retrospective study was performed on 23 patients treated between 1988 and 1997 at the 2nd and 4th ENT chairs of University "La Sapienza" of Pome for facial palsy following cerebellopontine angle surgery. Tumors included acoustic neuromas (n = 3). Seventeen patients underwent hypoglossal-facial anastomoses [10 with end-to-end anastomoses, 4 with May's interposition "jump-nerve" grafts and 3 with partial (30%) use of the hypoglossal nerve plus a facial cross-over]. The remaining patients were operated on using a cable graft with the sural nerve (n = 2) and the great auricular nerve (n = 4). Postoperative facial function was determined by the House-Brackmann 6-scale classification The hypoglossal-facial anastomoses resulted in long-term grade III or IV findings. Cable grafts improved facial function from grade VI to grade III. None of the patients operated on with the modified VII-XII anastomosis developed swallowing disturbances. The ten patients having traditional hypoglossal-facial anastomoses showed different degrees of tongue disability and retention of residue in the oral cavity. Surgical recovery of postoperative facial palsy can be obtained with various techniques according to the availability of the proximal facial nerve stump at the brain stem. Since a traditional hypoglossal-facial anastomosis procedure can be a source of a separate disability for the patient: techniques are preferred that leave the hypoglossal nerve mostly intact and uncompromised

The evolution of man–machine interaction: the role of human in Industry 4.0 paradigm

ndustry 4.0 is a new paradigm in the manufacturing world and it has deeply changed the Human–machine interaction. This paper focus is on the nature of this interaction, which is made possible thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT), and Cyber-Physical System (CPS). These Industry 4.0 key technologies are studied related to the standard Deming cycle, in order to underline the importance of Human–machine interaction. The Fourth Industrial Revolution involves several changes in the workforce’s key features. In this paper, a new perspective based on the centrality of humans is given in the new Industry era. The importance of the human factor will be deeply studied through the implementation of the ‘Sand Cone Model’. A new framework is proposed in order to explain the quality measures addiction on the workforce quality skills, and how it engraves on improving efficiency and effectiveness of an industrial process

The evolution of man–machine interaction: the role of human in Industry 4.0 paradigm

Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm in the manufacturing world and it has deeply changed the Human–machine interaction. This paper focus is on the nature of this interaction, which is made possible thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT), and Cyber-Physical System (CPS). These Industry 4.0 key technologies are studied related to the standard Deming cycle, in order to underline the importance of Human–machine interaction. The Fourth Industrial Revolution involves several changes in the workforce's key features. In this paper, a new perspective based on the centrality of humans is given in the new Industry era. The importance of the human factor will be deeply studied through the implementation of the 'Sand Cone Model'. A new framework is proposed in order to explain the quality measures addiction on the workforce quality skills, and how it engraves on improving efficiency and effectiveness of an industrial process

'Mass production and one-off piece' towards the modernity

In Italy the history of modern equipment design has shifted between 'mass production and one-off', as architects Gio Ponti and Antonio Fornaroli wrote in an article in the magazine Domus (1948). Starting from this important reflection by the two Italian architects, the article takes into consideration the case study of office furniture.The aim of the article is to identify the cultural landscape of Italian design during the twentieth century, taking into consideration the example of the office desk as fil rouge of the history of design in Italy.The methodology adopted is deductive: starting from the selection of some case studies (desks designed for some elitist furnishings or, vice versa, for serial reproduction) and in relation to the architectural and cultural context in which they were created, some key concepts are deduced in order to understand the progressive adherence of Italian architects to the idea of modernity, and then to the massification of industrial design. New materials and ancient 'know-how' have merged into projects that have distinguished the history of design in Italy as original.The conclusion highlights how in the history of Italian office furniture as a multi-faceted history, where elite furniture can become a democratic product, until it becomes part of the contemporary office

The COVID-19 pandemic and its challenges for Ecuador

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed worldwide the multi-dimensional vulnerability of contemporary societies under the neoliberal logic. In a previous and insightful commentary, our colleagues from FLACSO Ecuador highlighted the failure of national land use planning and policies as the baseline condition for the weak national response to COVID-19 in Ecuador and for the acceleration of impacts on vulnerable people. This article will complement the aforementioned commentary with a preliminary contextualization of the pandemic in Ecuador, to account for structural socioeconomic and political problems of the country and to reflect on its current and future linkages with disaster risk reduction in Quito