The relationship of dietary content of fiber and macronutrients with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in first-degree relatives of type II diabetic patients

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به نقش رژیم غذایی و عادات غلط تغذیه ای در افزایش خطر بروز دیابت نوع II و شناخته شدن زمینه ژنتیکی در افراد بالای 35 سال به عنوان یک عامل خطر برای آن، این مطالعه با هدف تعیین وضعیت مصرف درشت مغذی‌ها و فیبر در الگوی غذایی فامیل درجه یک بیماران دیابتی نوع II به انجام رسیده است. روش مطالعه: 210 نفر از افراد فامیل درجه یک بیماران دیابتی نوع II، بر مبنای نتایجOGTT (Oral glucose tolerance test)، به دو دسته مختل (‌دیابتی+Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)، 56 نفر و سالم 154 نفر تقسیم بندی گردیدند. سپس پرسشنامه مصرف سه روزه غذایی از این دو گروه دریافت و میزان انرژی، کربوهیدراتهای کمپلکس و تصفیه شده، چربیهای اشباع و غیر اشباع، پروتئین و فیبر غذایی به صورت روزانه تا سه روز محاسبه و نتایج مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. نتایج: میانگین سن و نمایه توده بدنی (BMI) در دو گروه مختل و سالم به ترتیب 2/5±9/48 و 7/6±6/43 سال و 7/0±3/29 و 8/0±7/28 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع بود. میانگین انرژی همچنین درصد کربو هیدرات، پروتئین، چربی و فیبر دریافتی در دو گروه تفاوت معنی داری نداشت. میزان مصرف روغن مایع در گروه مختل کمتر از گروه سالم بود (01/0

Comparing the Accuracy of Morphometric and Morphological Criteria of Hip Bone in Gender Determination

Background: A primary aim of forensic medicine is gender determination. Although hip is the optimal bone for this purpose, different determining criteria of this bone do not have the same accuracy. This is important in conditions that only parts of hip remain to determine gender. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of different hip criteria in gender determination. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated a total of 160 paired hips (80 males and 80 females) removed from the bodies for bone transplantation. Morphometric criteria were vertical and horizontal acetabular diameters and superior and inferior pubic ramus widths. Morphological criteria were a greater sciatic notch, obturator foramen, pubic body, preauricular sulcus, acetabular fossa position, and ischial tuberosity. The obtained data were analyzed using Cross Tab, t-test, and logistic regression analysis by SPSS. The significance level was set at P<0.05.Results: There was no significant difference in morphometric and morphological criteria between the studied left and right hip bones (P>0.05). In gender determination, acetabular diameter and greater sciatic notch had the highest accuracy (85%), and obturator foramen (67.5%) and superior and inferior pubic ramus widths (65%) had the lowest accuracy.Conclusion: Hip bone is not always completely available and preserved to determine gender. Moreover, sometimes not all anthropometric criteria of the bone are in favor of one gender. Therefore, investigating the accuracy of different criteria can be very important in interpreting the results. Thus, it has always been emphasized on the use of all available information in gender determination

The comparison expression of Rare cold inducible 2 (RCI2), some enzymatic antioxidant, and proline in two tolerant and sensitive genotypes chickpea under drought stress

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a highly valued crop that its growth and productivity are severely affected by drought stress. At the molecular level, chickpea plants activate genes and signaling pathways involved in drought and salt stress tolerance. One such mechanism involves the expression of rare cold inducible 2 (RCI2) proteins. The aim of this study was to examine the significance of RCI2 expression for drought resistance in chickpea. Hence, seeds of drought-tolerant (MCC877) and sensitive (MCC588) genotypes were evaluated in the three level of drought stress. The results indicated that drought stress reduced significantly total chlorophyll, RWC, and increased electro leakage, MDA, and improved activity of CAT, SOD, and APX. The molecular analysis suggested four RCI2 genes including RCI2A, RCI2B, RCI2B-like, and RCI2F in chickpeas. The comparison between two genotypes of chickpeas, one drought-tolerant and the other sensitive to drought, revealed that the tolerant genotype could enhance the stability of the cell membrane and moderate reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. This is achieved by improving the proline content, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and especially by increasing the expression of RCI2 genes, compared to the sensitive genotypes. The expression RCI2A, RCI2B, RCI2B-like, and RCI2F genes in drought-tolerant genotypes was about 68 %, 48 %, 27 %, and 42 % higher than drought-sensitive after 16 h of severe water limitation. This suggests that the expression of RCI2 genes in chickpeas might enhance the plant's ability to scavenge ROS, thereby conferring tolerance to drought stresses

Effect of appropriate Marketing Mix Strategies on Iranian Protein Products Export Performance

Abstrac

Health Belief Model and HIV/AIDS among high school female students in Yazd, Iran

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; direction: ltr; line-height: 150%; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the human </span></span><a title="Immune system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-size: small;">immune system</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> that caused by the </span></span><a title="HIV" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-size: small;">human immunodeficiency virus</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> (HIV) and </span></span><a title="Transmission (medicine)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_(medicine)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-size: small;">transmitted</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> through direct contact of a </span></span><a title="Mucous membrane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucous_membrane"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-size: small;">mucous membrane</span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"> or the bloodstream with a </span></span><a title="Bodily fluid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodily_fluid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="font-size: small;">bodily fluid</span></span></a><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> containing HIV. <sup>(1-4) <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup>It is such a strange and frightening disease that sometimes people stopped thinking about it as a disease and start to wrap it in different layers of mystery<span dir="rtl" lang="FA">.</span><sup>(5)</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> According to the latest figures published in the UNAIDS/WHO 2006 AIDS Epidemic Update, an estimated 39.5 million people are living with HIV. <sup>(6)</sup><span style="color: red;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">An </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">important factor in the spread of HIV/AIDS is believed to be poor knowledge about how it is spread and can be prevented. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The utility of the Health Belief Model continues to be suggested in identifying preventive behaviors.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">This study is a cross- sectional study that 180 female students from three high schools in Yazd, Iran, completed a specially designed questionnaire, based on Health Belief Model in spring 2009. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Our data showed that the </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">mean score of perceived susceptibility was 21.19 (out of 32) and perceived severity was 12.47 (out of 24). Also the mean score<span dir="rtl"> </span>of<span dir="rtl"> </span>perceived benefits and barriers were 9.05 and 9.45 (out of 12 and out of 16 respectively). The respondents acquired 46.61% of total knowledge score, 66.21% of perceived susceptibility, 51.95% of perceived severity, 75.41% of perceived benefits and 59.06% of perceived barriers. A positive association found between knowledge and perceived susceptibility. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Therefore </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">according to our results, the low level of perceived susceptibility and severity to HIV/AIDS among high school female students may not prevent them to not try a risky behavior in this area. <a name="OLE_LINK3"></a><a name="OLE_LINK4"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK3;">The results of this study revealed that, mean grade scores of perceived severity of participants about HIV/AIDS was near mean. These results revealed, the participants not accepted that are in higher risk about HIV/AIDS. In this condition, students don't try to prevent HIV/AIDS. In a factor analysis principal components<span dir="rtl"> </span>of the Health Belief Model constructs indicated perceived susceptibility is multidimensional, so sporadic condom user perceived themselves and their partners as at highest risk of AIDS and other sexually transmitted disease. <sup>(7)</sup> </span></a>In that study, prisoners decreased their HIV high-risk behaviors (e.g., used clean syringes) when they believed in the effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce the risk or seriousness of impact of the health condition. This does not mean that the other two components of the HBM are not effective in explaining health related behavior.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; direction: ltr; line-height: 150%; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;">There was significant difference between mean grade scores of knowledge and perceived susceptibility and educational field of participants. (p<0.001) </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; direction: ltr; line-height: 150%; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>A negative significant correlation between perceived severity with knowledge and perceived susceptibility, indicates that the students who have not perceived susceptibility and severity to a health problem like HIV/AIDS may not try in preventing it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Moreover, Health Belief Model can be used as a conceptual frame work in interventional programs for HIV/AIDS.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span></span></span></p&gt

Study and introducing of flora of the protected area of Manesht and Qalarang in Ilam province

In this study, flora of the protected area of Manesht and Qalarang in Ilam province, was surveyed. The area was located in 46° 18´ E to 46° 37´ E and 33° 26´ N to 33° 45´ N. The method of plant study was classical method of taxonomic studies. Using different botanical references and differerent flora, collected plants were identified as families, genera and species, herbarium specimens are deposited in herbarium of Payame Noor University of Ilam. It was shown that there were 52 families, 156 genera and 231 plant species in this area. The largest family was Compositae with 18 genera and 29 species, and the largest genus was Astragalus (Fabaceae) with 11 species. According to Raunkiaer, life forms of the studied plants were categorized as: Hemicryptophytes (42%), Therophytes 32%, Cryptophytes 13%, Phanerophytes 9% and Chamaephytes 4%. High percentage of Irano-Touranian elements indicated that the area belonged to this phytochorion. This study also showed high species richness and palpable predominance of Hemicryptophytes which probably resulted from high elevation and cold climate encompassing the area. Also, high abundance of Throphytes species was probably due to high elevation and severe destruction of habitat, over-grazingand contiguity to the city of Ilam

ORIGINAL ARTICLES Ranking of the Affecting Factors on Decision Making of Persian & Imported Domestic Appliances purchasers -Using AHP Technique (Case survey: Isfahan City)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we have proceeded to rank the affecting factors on decision making of Persian & imported domestic appliances purchasers in Isfahan city, Using Analytic Hierarchy Process technique (AHP). The present research is practical in goal, and is a survey method with the view of information collection. The device of information accessibility was questionnaire. The results of the research indicate that 3 factors including price, energy consumption and after sale services, have had most effect on choice of internal and imported domestic appliances. But more than 70 percent of purchasers have preferred imported domestic appliances, despite of cheapness, appropriate energy consumption and nearly proper after sale services of Persian domestic appliances. This shows focus exigency of manufacture companies producing Persian domestic appliances, to determine the positioning of their products

Comparison of serum levels of interleukin 33 in combination with serum levels of C-reactive protein, Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin A, and Immunoglobulin M in recurrent pregnancy loss: A case-control study

Background: One of the critical cases of recurrent pregnancy loss is immunological factors, whereas obtaining effective prevention or treatment is necessary for cognition of reasons. Objective: In this study, we tried to evaluate some immunological factors related to recurrent pregnancy loss. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 66 women at the age of 18–35 yr who were referred to the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ali Ibn Abi Taleb hospital, Zahedan, Iran, from August-December 2019. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) serum levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunoglobulin G, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and C-reactive protein levels were measured by serology and hematology methods. Results: The mean age of total participants was 30.8 ± 3.80 yr. The mean serum IL-33 in the case group was 318.5± 254.1 pg/ml and was lower than the control group (354.2± 259.9 pg/ml), which was not statistically significant (p = 0.52). The level of C-reactive protein in the case and control was not significantly different (p = 0.27), and Immunoglobulin A and Immunoglobulin G in the case and control were also not significantly different) p = 0.46, and p = 0.16, respectively), but there were significant differences (p= 0.003) between the level of the IgM in the case and control groups. Conclusion: No statistically significant difference was observed in the IL-33 serum level, for at least 4–6 months after the last abortion in the case group and the final live birth in the control group. In contrast, serum levels of IgM were statistically significant. Finally, the need for more studies is felt according to the different results of the previous studies in this field. Key words: Interleukin-33, Abortion, IgG, IgA, IgM