Morphological stasis masks ecologically divergent coral species on tropical reefs

Coral reefs are the epitome of species diversity, yet the number of described scleractinian coral species, the framework-builders of coral reefs, remains moderate by comparison. DNA sequencing studies are rapidly challenging this notion by exposing a wealth of undescribed diversity, but the evolutionary and ecological significance of this diversity remains largely unclear. Here, we present an annotated genome for one of the most ubiquitous corals in the Indo-Pacific (Pachyseris speciosa) and uncover, through a comprehensive genomic and phenotypic assessment, that it comprises morphologically indistinguishable but ecologically divergent lineages. Demographic modeling based on whole-genome resequencing indicated that morphological crypsis (across micro- and macromorphological traits) was due to ancient morphological stasis rather than recent divergence. Although the lineages occur sympatrically across shallow and mesophotic habitats, extensive genotyping using a rapid molecular assay revealed differentiation of their ecological distributions. Leveraging "common garden'' conditions facilitated by the overlapping distributions, we assessed physiological and quantitative skeletal traits and demonstrated concurrent phenotypic differentiation. Lastly, spawning observations of genotyped colonies highlighted the potential role of temporal reproductive isolation in the limited admixture, with consistent genomic signatures in genes related to morphogenesis and reproduction. Overall, our findings demonstrate the presence of ecologically and phenotypically divergent coral species without substantial morphological differentiation and provide new leads into the potential mechanisms facilitating such divergence. More broadly, they indicate that our current taxonomic framework for reef-building corals may be scratching the surface of the ecologically relevant diversity on coral reefs, consequently limiting our ability to protect or restore this diversity effectively

Meteorological variability and regional pollutant distributions during the summer 2022 ACROSS/PANAME campaign

International audienceThe international ACROSS (Atmospheric ChemistRy Of the Suburban forest) intensive field measurement campaign (supported by the Make Our Planet Great Again initiative) took place from June 13 to July 25 2022 in and around the Ile-de-France during an exceptional hot (more than 3°C above the climatological mean for France) and dry summer season. This work will provide a broad classification of weather conditions that occurred during the campaign, useful for further analysis of observations and simulations. Weather scenarios will be analysed in terms of synoptic weather situations, relating transport patterns (regional advection to the Ile-de-France region, plumes from Paris agglomeration), temperature and relative humidity evolution. During the June-July 2022 period, several distinct weather and pollution patterns occurred, among which: (1) two strong heatwaves, with large photochemical activity promoting secondary pollutants build-up (O3, SOA), (2) advection of relatively clean oceanic air masses, and (3) Saharan dust and intense forest fire events with dust and fire aerosol advection to the Ile-de-France region. The analysis is based on meteorological data from several models (GFS, WRF, ARPEGE, AROME) and observations, pollution forecasts from the French Prev’Air system (http://www2.prevair.org/), and from the AirParif Esmeralda platform (http://www.esmeralda-web.fr/accueil/)  that have been used for the airborne campaign support. In addition, dedicated simulations with the CHIMERE model (see companion abstract by Di Antonio et al. for this session), and major pollutant observations by air quality networks, from satellites, or performed within ACROSS will be used to analyse how meteorological conditions and weather patterns impacted the spatial distributions of major primary and secondary chemical species. Especially tracers of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions and photochemical activity (O3, PM2.5, OA, BC, NOx, BVOC) will be analysed.  Keywords: Meteorology, pollutant distributions, transport patterns, ACROSS, MOPGA &#160

Mesure de l'eclairement au sol dans les peuplements forestiers et modelisation en fonction de leurs caracteristiques dendrometriques : Rapport d'avancement du projet

Available from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : GR 1948 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Effect of a Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Coagulopathy The SCARLET Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: Previous research suggested that soluble human recombinant thrombomodulin may reduce mortality among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Objective: To determine the effect of human recombinant thrombomodulin vs placebo on 28-day all-cause mortality among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Design, Setting, and Participants: The SCARLET trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational, multicenter phase 3 study conducted in intensive care units at 159 sites in 26 countries. All adult patients admitted to one of the participating intensive care units between October 2012 and March 2018 with sepsis-associated coagulopathy and concomitant cardiovascular and/or respiratory failure, defined as an international normalized ratio greater than 1.40 without other known etiology and a platelet count in the range of 30 to 150 × 10 9/L or a greater than 30% decrease in platelet count within 24 hours, were considered for inclusion. The final date of follow-up was February 28, 2019. Interventions: Patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy were randomized and treated with an intravenous bolus or a 15-minute infusion of thrombomodulin (0.06 mg/kg/d [maximum, 6 mg/d]; n = 395) or matching placebo (n = 405) once daily for 6 days. Main Outcome and Measures: The primary end point was 28-day all-cause mortality. Results: Among 816 randomized patients, 800 (mean age, 60.7 years; 437 [54.6%] men) completed the study and were included in the full analysis set. In these patients, the 28-day all-cause mortality rate was not statistically significantly different between the thrombomodulin group and the placebo group (106 of 395 patients [26.8%] vs 119 of 405 patients [29.4%], respectively; P =.32). The absolute risk difference was 2.55% (95% CI, -3.68% to 8.77%). The incidence of serious major bleeding adverse events (defined as any intracranial hemorrhage; life-threatening bleeding; or bleeding event classified as serious by the investigator, with administration of at least 1440 mL [typically 6 units] of packed red blood cells over 2 consecutive days) was 23 of 396 patients (5.8%) in the thrombomodulin group and 16 of 404 (4.0%) in the placebo group. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with sepsis-associated coagulopathy, administration of a human recombinant thrombomodulin, compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce 28-day all-cause mortality. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01598831