Construction and characterization of a genomic BAC library for the Mus m. musculus mouse subspecies (PWD/Ph inbred strain)

BACKGROUND: The genome of classical laboratory strains of mice is an artificial mosaic of genomes originated from several mouse subspecies with predominant representation (>90%) of the Mus m. domesticus component. Mice of another subspecies, East European/Asian Mus m. musculus, can interbreed with the classical laboratory strains to generate hybrids with unprecedented phenotypic and genotypic variations. To study these variations in depth we prepared the first genomic large insert BAC library from an inbred strain derived purely from the Mus m. musculus-subspecies. The library will be used to seek and characterize genomic sequences controlling specific monogenic and polygenic complex traits, including modifiers of dominant and recessive mutations. RESULTS: A representative mouse genomic BAC library was derived from a female mouse of the PWD/Ph inbred strain of Mus m. musculus subspecies. The library consists of 144 768 primary clones from which 97% contain an insert of 120 kb average size. The library represents an equivalent of 6.7 × mouse haploid genome, as estimated from the total number of clones carrying genomic DNA inserts and from the average insert size. The clones were arrayed in duplicates onto eight high-density membranes that were screened with seven single-copy gene probes. The individual probes identified four to eleven positive clones, corresponding to 6.9-fold coverage of the mouse genome. Eighty-seven BAC-ends of PWD/Ph clones were sequenced, edited, and aligned with mouse C57BL/6J (B6) genome. Seventy-three BAC-ends displayed unique hits on B6 genome and their alignment revealed 0.92 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) per 100 bp. Insertions and deletions represented 0.3% of the BAC end sequences. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the novel genomic library for the PWD/Ph inbred strain demonstrated coverage of almost seven mouse genome equivalents and a capability to recover clones for specific regions of PWD/Ph genome. The single nucleotide polymorphism between the strains PWD/Ph and C57BL/6J was 0.92/100 bp, a value significantly higher than between classical laboratory strains. The library will serve as a resource for dissecting the phenotypic and genotypic variations between mice of the Mus m. musculus subspecies and classical laboratory mouse strains

Global transcriptome analysis of the C57BL/6J mouse testis by SAGE: evidence for nonrandom gene order

BACKGROUND: We generated the gene expression profile of the total testis from the adult C57BL/6J male mice using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Two high-quality SAGE libraries containing a total of 76 854 tags were constructed. An extensive bioinformatic analysis and comparison of SAGE transcriptomes of the total testis, testicular somatic cells and other mouse tissues was performed and the theory of male-biased gene accumulation on the X chromosome was tested. RESULTS: We sorted out 829 genes predominantly expressed from the germinal part and 944 genes from the somatic part of the testis. The genes preferentially and specifically expressed in total testis and testicular somatic cells were identified by comparing the testis SAGE transcriptomes to the available transcriptomes of seven non-testis tissues. We uncovered chromosomal clusters of adjacent genes with preferential expression in total testis and testicular somatic cells by a genome-wide search and found that the clusters encompassed a significantly higher number of genes than expected by chance. We observed a significant 3.2-fold enrichment of the proportion of X-linked genes specific for testicular somatic cells, while the proportions of X-linked genes specific for total testis and for other tissues were comparable. In contrast to the tissue-specific genes, an under-representation of X-linked genes in the total testis transcriptome but not in the transcriptomes of testicular somatic cells and other tissues was detected. CONCLUSION: Our results provide new evidence in favor of the theory of male-biased genes accumulation on the X chromosome in testicular somatic cells and indicate the opposite action of the meiotic X-inactivation in testicular germ cells

The Open Film Education Programme

Text in character belongs to a circle of professional work, which specialize in film education and training of young people or the wider population. Do not try to formulate a purely theoretical concept or strategy. On the contrary. Through reflection and analysis of the collected data identifies the provision and development strategy unique educational program ("The Open Film Education Programme"), which is produced in collaboration Film and TV School of Academy of Performing Arts (FAMU) and the National Film Archive (NFA). The thesis planting project within the framework of the field, outlines the genesis of the development of educational programs, formulates the foundations of teaching methodology, and outlines the further development of the national level. One of the main objectives of the text is to serve as a source of information to other interested people from the FAMU students or teachers, who would like to participate in the development of the project

Renascence of creative fight in czech feature cinematography

The aim of this essay is to explore and analyse the social and cinematic context surrounding the work of Petr Vaclav. This will be achieved through the analysis of Petr Vaclav's filmography, which will be used as a point of reference for the justification of the author's arguments. The first part of the paper will explore "The Weaknesses of Critical Thinking" in the Czech film environment; focusing on the work of Jiri Cieslar and Andrej Stankovic, who firmly resisted this unworthy tendency. In the second part, this essay will discuss the "The Mechanisms of the Simplification of Artistic Expression". Therefore, the focus will be on social tendencies, which lead Czech film authors to make concessions in their artistic expression. This essay will argue that the commercialization of the Czech film criticism is a direct consequence of the critics' conformist approach and that this state is wholly unsatisfactory

Renascence of creative fight in czech feature cinematography

Text je zamýšlen jako esejistická případová studie společenských a filmových souvislostí tvorby osobnosti Petra Václava. Filmografie Petra Václava bude v celku práce fungovat jako faktorgafická linka dokládající a verifikující soudy, které bude autor práce předkládat. Text se bude v několika kapitolách zabývat: "Nedostatky kritického myšlení" v českém filmovém prostředí a tedy esejistickým načrtnutím panoramatu marasmu české filmové kritiky s akcentem na osobnosti, které těmto tendencím vzdorovali, Jiřího Cieslara a kritického ducha Andreje Stankoviče; dále pak "Mechanismy banalizace autorské výpovědi" a tudíž společenskými principy, které vedou tvůrce k ústupkům v jejich autorském projevu a vyjádření. Autor se pokusí prokázat, že bulvarizace filmové kritiky přímo souvisí s konformitou tvůrců a že se vzájemně utvrují a podporují v tendencích, které nevyhovují skutečně morálně-etickým a hodnotovým nárokům na kinematografii. Výchozí premisa práce je subjektivní a jako taková praví, že tento stav není v pořádku

The Open Film Education Programme

Text svým charakterem náleží do okruhu odborných prací, které se zabývají tematikou filmové výchovy a vzdělávání mladých lidí respektive širší populace. Nesnaží se o formulování čistě teoretické koncepce či strategie. Naopak. Prostřednictvím reflexe a analýzou sebraných dat pojmenovává ustanovení a vývojovou strategii unikátního vzdělávacího programu (?Program otevřeného filmového vzdělávání?), který vzniká ve spolupráci Filmové a televizní fakulty AMU (FAMU) a Národního filmového archivu (NFA). Diplomová práce zasadí projekt do rámce daného oboru, nastíní genezi vývoje vzdělávací programu, formuluje základy metodiky výuky, a nastíní další rozvoj projektu s celonárodní působností. Jedním z hlavních cílů textu je, aby posloužil jako informační zdroj dalším zájemcům z řad studentů či pedagogů FAMU, kteří by měli zájem participovat na rozvoji projektu

The Mouse SAGE Site: database of public mouse SAGE libraries

The Mouse SAGE Site is a web-based database of all available public libraries generated by the Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) from various mouse tissues and cell lines. The database contains mouse SAGE libraries organized in a uniform way and provides web-based tools for browsing, comparing and searching SAGE data with reliable tag-to-gene identification. A modified approach based on the SAGEmap database is used for reliable tag identification. The Mouse SAGE Site is maintained on an ongoing basis at the Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and is accessible at the internet address http://mouse.biomed.cas.cz/sage/

Data from: Maternal-fetal genomic conflict and speciation: no evidence for hybrid placental dysplasia in crosses between two house mouse subspecies

Interspecific hybridization between closely related mammalian species, including various species of the genus Mus, is commonly associated with abnormal growth of the placenta and hybrid fetuses, a phenomenon known as hybrid placental dysplasia (HPD). The role of HPD in speciation is anticipated but still poorly understood. Here we studied placental and fetal growth in F1 crosses between four inbred mouse strains derived from two house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus. These subspecies are in the early stage of speciation and still hybridize in nature. In accordance with the maternal-fetal genomic conflict hypothesis we found different parental influences on placental and fetal development, with placental weight most affected by the father's body weight, and fetal weight by the mother's body weight. After removing the effects of parents’ body weight, we did not find any significant differences in fetal or placental weights between intra-subspecific and inter-subspecific F1 crosses. Nevertheless, we found that the variability in placental weight in inter-subspecific crosses is linked to the X chromosome, similarly as for HPD in interspecific mouse crosses. Our results suggest that maternal-fetal genomic conflict occurs in the house mouse system, but has not yet diverged sufficiently to cause abnormalities in placental and fetal growth in inter-subspecific crosses. HPD is thus unlikely to contribute to speciation in the house mouse system. However, we cannot rule out that it might have contributed to other speciation events in the genus Mus, where differences in the levels of polyandry exist between the species