Literary machine translation under the magnifying glass : assessing the quality of an NMT-translated detective novel on document level

Several studies (covering many language pairs and translation tasks) have demonstrated that translation quality has improved enormously since the emergence of neural machine translation systems. This raises the question whether such systems are able to produce high-quality translations for more creative text types such as literature and whether they are able to generate coherent translations on document level. Our study aimed to investigate these two questions by carrying out a document-level evaluation of the raw NMT output of an entire novel. We translated Agatha Christie's novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles with Google's NMT system from English into Dutch and annotated it in two steps: first all fluency errors, then all accuracy errors. We report on the overall quality, determine the remaining issues, compare the most frequent error types to those in general-domain MT, and investigate whether any accuracy and fluency errors co-occur regularly. Additionally, we assess the inter-annotator agreement on the first chapter of the novel

Development and validation of process analytical methods for a continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process of tablets based on wet granulation

Continuous processing is well established in the chemical, cosmetics and food industry, whilst it is still in its infancy in the pharmaceutical industry. However, there exists the intention to shift pharmaceutical manufacturing from traditional batch production towards continuous production. Continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing has several advantages, but with its implementation one major question rises as well: “How to assure the quality of both the in-process materials and the end product?”. Indeed, the quality of pharmaceutical products obtained via traditional batch-wise processes is generally assessed via sampling and time-consuming off-line analyses in analytical laboratories. These quality evaluation methods would annul the advantages of continuous processing. It is clear that real-time quality assessment and control is indispensable for continuous production by means of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools. In this dissertation, the strengths and weaknesses of several complementary PAT tools, implemented in a continuous wet granulation process, which is part of a fully continuous from powder-to-tablet production line, were evaluated. Furthermore, the influence of raw material variability upon processability, intermediates and end products was investigated. Process understanding is gained and the presented approach fits in the Quality by Design (QbD) framework as it is presented by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH)

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