Scaling Limit and Critical Exponents for Two-Dimensional Bootstrap Percolation

Consider a cellular automaton with state space $\{0,1 \}^{{\mathbb Z}^2}$ where the initial configuration $\omega_0$ is chosen according to a Bernoulli product measure, 1's are stable, and 0's become 1's if they are surrounded by at least three neighboring 1's. In this paper we show that the configuration $\omega_n$ at time n converges exponentially fast to a final configuration $\bar\omega$, and that the limiting measure corresponding to $\bar\omega$ is in the universality class of Bernoulli (independent) percolation. More precisely, assuming the existence of the critical exponents $\beta$, $\eta$, $\nu$ and $\gamma$, and of the continuum scaling limit of crossing probabilities for independent site percolation on the close-packed version of ${\mathbb Z}^2$ (i.e., for independent $*$-percolation on ${\mathbb Z}^2$), we prove that the bootstrapped percolation model has the same scaling limit and critical exponents. This type of bootstrap percolation can be seen as a paradigm for a class of cellular automata whose evolution is given, at each time step, by a monotonic and nonessential enhancement.Comment: 15 page

Maximal Factorization of Operators Acting in Kothe-Bochner Spaces

[EN] Using some representation results for Kothe-Bochner spaces of vector valued functions by means of vector measures, we analyze the maximal extension for some classes of linear operators acting in these spaces. A factorization result is provided, and a specific representation of the biggest vector valued function space to which the operator can be extended is given. Thus, we present a generalization of the optimal domain theorem for some types of operators on Banach function spaces involving domination inequalities and compactness. In particular, we show that an operator acting in Bochner spaces of p-integrable functions for any 1First author is supported by Grant MTM2011-23164 of the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain). Second author is supported by Grant 284110 of CONACyT (Mexico). Fourth author is supported by Grant MTM2016-77054-C2-1-P of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigaciones (Spain) and FEDER.Calabuig, JM.; Fernández-Unzueta, M.; Galaz-Fontes, F.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2021). Maximal Factorization of Operators Acting in Kothe-Bochner Spaces. Journal of Geometric Analysis. 31(1):560-578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-019-00290-4S56057831

Immune status of recipients following bone marrow - Augmented solid organ transplantation

It has been postulated that the resident “passenger” leukocytes of hematolymphoid origin that migrate from whole organ grafts and subsequently establish systemic chimerism are essential for graft acceptance and the induction of donor-specific nonreactivity. This phenomenon was augmented by infusing 3 × 108 unmodified donor bone-marrow cells into 40 patients at the time of organ transplantation. Fifteen of the first 18 analyzable patients had sequential immunological evaluation over postoperative intervals of 5 to 17 months, (which included 7 kidney (two with islets), 7 liver (one with islets), and one heart recipient). The evolution of changes was compared with that in 16 kidney and liver nonmarrow controls followed for 4 to5 months. The generic immune reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was determined by their proliferative responses to mitogens (PHA, ConA). Alloreactivity was measured by the recipient mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) to donor and HLA-mis-matched third-party panel cells. Based on all 3 tests,the recipients were classified as donor-specific hyporeactive, intermediate, and responsive; patients who were globally suppressed made up a fourth category. Eight (53%) of the 15 marrow-treated recipients exhibited progressive modulation of donor-specific reactivity (3 hyporeactive and 5 intermediate) while 7 remained antidonor-responsive. In the nonmarrow controls, 2 (12.5%) of the 16 patients showed donor-specific hyporeactivity, 10 (62.5%) were reactive, and 4 (25%) studied during a CMV infection had global suppression of responsiveness to all stimuli. © 1995 by Williams and Wilkins

Caracterização do amido de grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum L.).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi extrair e caracterizar o amido de grão-de-bico quanto a sua composição química, estrutural e morfológica, propriedades térmicas e tecnológicas. O rendimento apresentado no processo de extração foi de 28%, com alta pureza. A observação em microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou grânulos de amido com formato cilíndrico e oval, com dimensões de 20 µm de comprimento e 10 µm de largura. O padrão de cristalinidade mostrado por difratometria de raios X foi do tipo C, típico de leguminosas. A análise das propriedades de pasta foi efetuada por calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) e analisador rápido de viscosidade (RVA). Em DSC, foi encontrada a temperatura inicial de gelatinização de 65,51°C, a final de 86,90°C e a entalpia de gelatinização de 12,12 J/g. O RVA mostrou temperatura inicial de gelatinização de 73,1°C, valores elevados de viscosidade, baixa quebra e alta tendência à retrogradação. O amido apresentou pouco inchamento e solubilidade, mesmo na temperatura de 90°C. O gel de amido de grão-de-bico mostrou-se turvo e com alta sinérese e apresentou elevada dureza e elasticidade em análise de perfil de textura

Neuropathic pain after breast cancer treatment: characterization and risk factors

Context: Neuropathic pain (NP) may be an important contributor to the morbidity burden of breast cancer. Objectives: We aimed to quantify the incidence of NP in the first year after diagnosis of breast cancer and to identify its main determinants. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study including 506 patients with incident breast cancer, recruited at the Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, and followed for one year; patients with incident NP were additionally evaluated when this condition was diagnosed and after six months, to identify chronic NP. Results: During the first year, 156 patients were diagnosed with NP (30.8%, 95% CI 27.0–35.0). Anxiety (relative risk [RR] 1.50; 95% CI 1.06–2.13), arm symptoms (RR 1.44; 95% CI 1.02–2.05), cancer Stage III/IV (RR 2.47; 95% CI 1.66–3.66), breast-conserving surgery with axillary lymph node dissection (RR 3.13; 95% CI 1.51–6.48), mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection (RR 2.52; 95% CI 1.25–5.11), and damaging of the intercostobrachial nerve (RR 2.05; 95% CI 1.25–3.37) were predictors of a higher risk of NP. A total of 97 patients (62.2%, 95% CI 54.4–69.4) diagnosed with NP remained symptomatic after six months. Conclusion: NP and chronic NP were frequent in this population, being associated with anxiety and arm symptoms before breast cancer treatments and type of surgical management. These results highlight the need for monitoring the occurrence of this neurologic side effect of treatments and to develop strategies for reducing the morbidity burden of breast cancer.The work of F. F. was co-funded by “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (grant number SFRH/BD/92630/2013) and by the “Programa Operacional Capital Humano” (POCH/FSE). Data management activities were supported by the Chair on Pain Medicine of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and by the Grünenthal Foundation—Portugal. The authors declare no conflicts of interests

Influência da aplicação de Glyphosate na queda de frutos e de folhas de coqueiros.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a queda de frutos e de folhas de coqueiros após a aplicação do herbicida glyphosate. O experimento foi instalado no município de Neópolis-SE, no período de agosto a setembro de 2007. O coqueiral da variedade Anão- Verde foi implantado há 11 anos, em área sob sistema de irrigação por microaspersão. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 + 1, sendo três doses do herbicida glyphosate (3,4; 6,8; e 13,6 g por planta), três formas de aplicação (produto aplicado apenas no estipe, da base a 1 m de altura; produto aplicado apenas no solo ao redor da copa, dentro de um raio de 2 m na zona de coroamento; e, ainda, a combinação das duas formas de aplicação), mais um tratamento adicional de controle sem aplicação. Durante quatro semanas, aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAA), realizou-se a contagem dos frutos caídos dos cachos de números 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 e 19 e das folhas caídas. Aos 35 DAA, realizou-se a contagem dos frutos dos cachos 18 e 19 que possuíam valor comercial. Até os 28 DAA, o herbicida glyphosate não influenciou a queda de frutos e de folhas, independentemente da forma de aplicação, não havendo efeito desse herbicida sobre o número de frutos comerciais da colheita seguinte à aplicação