Development of acid lactase milk

Call number: LD2668 .T4 ASI 1989 F66Master of ScienceAnimal Sciences and Industr

Quality and Safety of Beef Produced in Central African Sub-Region

Aim of this research is to provide a general situation of cattle slaughtered in Cameroon, as a representative example for the Central African Sub-region. The quality and safety of beef from the abattoir of Yaoundé, the largest in Cameroon, were considered. From January 2009 to March 2012, the pre-slaughter conditions and characteristics of 1953 cattle carcasses were recorded, as well as the pH of m. longissimus thoracis 24 h after slaughter. From these carcasses, 60 were selected to represent the bulls slaughtered. The quality parameters and composition of m. longissimus thoracis were carried out. The origin of most of the cattle was the Guinea High Savannah (74.6%), and transhumance was the common production system (75.5%). Gudali (45.6%), White Fulani (33.3%) and Red Mbororo (20.3%) breeds were predominant. Carcass weight was affected by rearing system and cattle category, and it markedly varied during year. Considering meat quality, the fat content was low (1.2%) and similar between breeds, moreover Gudali showed the toughest meat. Of the cows slaughtered, 27% were pregnant and the most common abnormal conditions encountered were ectoparasites, fatigue, lameness, fungal-like skin lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, respiratory distress, nodular lesions. More than 20% of the carcasses had some organs condemned, mainly for liver flukes (5.17%), and 1.0% of them were completely condemned due to tuberculosis, that also affected 3.28% of lungs. These data could aid authorities draw up programmes with the aim to strengthen cattle production, improve beef supply, control and prevent the observed diseases, and promote the regional trade

Physico-chemical properties of the African pear and Black olive from different agro-ecological zones of Cameroon

Introduction. Dacryodes edulis and Canarium schweinfurthii are two tropical multi-purpose trees in Cameroon which produce fruits (African pear and Black olive, respectively) for human consumption, which are marketed more and more on the national and international markets. This study aimed at characterising these two fruits starting from their physical and chemical properties. Materials and methods. Fruits were collected during the harvest peak in three agro-ecological zones of Cameroon. The physical properties measured were the weight, the length, the fruit circumference and the pulp thickness, while the chemical analyses included the moisture and protein, lipid and ash contents. Results. The fruits from the humid forest were largest (96 g), whereas the smallest came from the grassland (54 g). The highest pulp per fruit content (69% for the African pear and 57% for Black olive) was observed in fruits harvested in the humid forest zone. The strongest correlation (r = 0.25) between the fruit weight and that of pulp was observed for Black olive produced in the humid forest zone. The crude protein rate was highest (8%) in fruits from the humid forest, whereas that of the lipids (42%) prevailed in the semi-forest zone. Conclusion. The humid forest zone offers the best agro-ecological conditions for commercial production of the fruits of D. edulis and C schweinfurthii. These two fruits contain proteins and lipids in significant quantities and can, consequently, be used as alternative sources for these nutritive elements

Effect of castration and protein level of diet on the growth performance of piglets

A study designed to investigate the effect of dietary protein level and castration on growth performance of weaner pigs was conducted using crossbred piglets (Large white x landrace) of forty days of age and 7,50 kg average live weight. A total of 24 piglets (12 castrated and 12 non castrated) were divided into 3 experimental treatments with four piglets per treatment. The treatments corresponded to three dietary crude protein (CP) levels of 14,26, 16,49 and 20,4 % CP. The main findings of the study showed that there was a linear increase in feed consumption with increasing levels of protein in the diet. Irrespective of treatment, uncastrated piglets consumed more feed than castrated piglets. Increase in the dietary crude protein level and castration were observed to significantly (

Effects of supplementation with leaves of Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephala on goat production performance during dry and rainy seasons in the western highlands of Cameroon

A study of the effect of supplementary feeding of Calliandra calothyrsusand Leucaena leucocephala on goat production was conducted at Dschang University Research farm on 24 West African Dwarf goats aged between 2 and 3 years during the dry and rainy seasons. Two bucks were introduced to the herd for two consecutive months for breeding purposes after which the herd was divided in two groups. One group was subjected to supplementary feeding with equal quantity (800 g/goat/day) of C. calothyrsus and L. leucocephala leaves. The other group served as the control. Change in body weight of does and kids were monitored from onset of supplement till three months post-partum. Results revealed a reduced incidence of abortion and an increase in body weight in the groups receiving supplement. During the three months post-partum period the body weight decreased as compared to that recorded at parturition but the supplemented goats continued to have 11 to 15% more body weight than their respective control during the dry season whereas during the rainy season the difference between supplemented and non supplemented goats were not so pronounced. The average birth weight of the kids in the supplemented group (1.35 ±0.08 kg) was significantly (