Uji Resistensi Bakteri Escherichia Coli Yang Diisolasi Dari Plak Gigi Terhadap Merkuri Dan Antibiotik Kloramfenikol

: Mercury is a liquid element at room temperature. Some main effects of mercury are dysfunctional of brain, kidneys and lungs, tremor, anxiety or nervous, insomnia, fetal growth restriction, and liver damage in pregnancy. Dental plaque is a soft material that attach on tooth\u27s surface, dental filling, or calculus. Antibiotic is a chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit the growth and kill microorganisms. Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that useful for treatment of a number of bacterial infections and anaerobic bacteria. The research using descriptive method. Subject of the research was mercury resistence Escherichia coliwhich isolated from dental plaque with dental filling and grew at broth Luria Bertani (LB) and solid LB. The result of observation on bacteria after incubated at 370C for 24 hours showed that at HgCl2, with available dilution, found bacteria at dental plaque with higher amounts of growth at 10ρρm concentration, intermediate amount of growth at 20ρρm concentration, and less amount of growth at 40ρρm concentration. As the result of observation on Escherichia coli after 24 hours of incubation, researcher found that the inhibition zone diameter of Eschericia coli for 30μg chloramphenicol was 20mm (>12mm) during first, second, and third treatment and included in sensitive category. Conclusion: As the result of this research, the inhibition zone diameter of Eschericia coli for 30μg chloramphenicol was 20mm (>12mm) during first, second, and third treatments and included in sensitive category

Spatial beam self-cleaning in second-harmonic generation

We experimentally demonstrate the spatial self-cleaning of a highly multimode optical beam, in the process of second-harmonic generation in a quadratic nonlinear potassium titanyl phosphate crystal. As the beam energy grows larger, the output beam from the crystal evolves from a highly speckled intensity pattern into a single, bell-shaped spot, sitting on a low energy background. We demonstrate that quadratic beam cleanup is accompanied by significant self-focusing of the fundamental beam, for both positive and negative signs of the linear phase mismatch close to the phase-matching condition

Sexual Functioning and Opioid Maintenance Treatment in Women. Results From a Large Multicentre Study

Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is the most widespread therapy for both females and males opioid addicts. While many studies have evaluated the OMT impact on men’s sexuality, the data collected about the change in women’s sexual functioning is still limited despite the fact that it is now well-known that opioids - both endogenous and exogenous - affect the endocrine system and play an important role in sexual functioning. The present study aims to determine how OMT with buprenorphine (BUP) or methadone (MTD) affects sexual health in women; examining also any possible emerging correlation between sexual dysfunction (SD), type of opioid and patients’ mental health. This multi-center study case recruited 258 female volunteers attending Italian public Addiction Outpatients Centers that were stabilized with OMT for at least 3 months. SD was assessed with the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. The twelve-item General Health Questionnaire was used to assess participants’ mental health conditions. The results show that 56.6% of women receiving OMT for at least 3 months presented SD without significant differences between MTD e BUP groups. The majority of the subjects with SD have a poorer quality of intimate relationships and worse mental health than the average. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the largest report on the presence of SDs in women as a side effects of MTD and BUP used in OMT. Since SDs cause difficulties in intimate relationships, lower patients’ quality of life and interfere with OMT beneficial outcomes, we recommend that women undertaking an opioid therapy have routine screening for SD and we highlight the importance to better examine opioid-endocrine interactions in future studies in order to provide alternative potential treatments such as the choice of opioid, opioid dose reduction and hormone supplementation

First diabetes prevalence study in Portugal: PREVADIAB study

Aims Diabetes is a growing worldwide problem. Ascertaining its prevalence is vital as a starting point to establish and measure the success of health interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and ‘pre-diabetes’, defined as impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, in the Portuguese population aged between 20 and 79 years. Methods Considering the number of inhabitants between 20 and 79 years old, statistical units were selected that were representative regionally and nationally. The total sample comprised 5167 subjects. National prevalence was calculated. Analyses were performedon all thosewithout previously knowndiabetes usingWorld Health Organization reference diagnostic criteria. Results We found a diabetes prevalence of 11.7% (95% confidence interval 10.8–12.6%), with a significant difference between men (14.2%; 95% confidence interval 12.5–15.5%) and women (9.5%; 95% confidence interval 8.5–10.6%).While 6.6% of the subjects had previously been diagnosed with diabetes, 5.1% were undiagnosed. By age groups, 2.4% of the population between 20 and 39 years, 12.6% of people from 40 to 59 years old and 26.3% of those aged between 60 and 79 years had diabetes. Prevalence of ‘pre-diabetes’ (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or both) in the population was 23.3%. Conclusions Diabetes has a high prevalence in Portugal. If ‘pre-diabetes’ is also considered, about one-third (34.9%) of the population aged 20–79 years is affected.A greater number of males were found to have diabetes.We detected a high percentage of people with undiagnosed diabetes (43.6%)

Spatial beam cleaning in quadratic nonlinear medium

We show experimentally that a laser beam scrambled by propagation in a short segment of multimode fiber may be cleaned by the nonlinear propagation in KTP cristal with type-II second-harmonic generation

Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada, Volume II

Entre 1840 et 1918, l’imprimé et le livre, qui avaient déjà contribué à l’élaboration de l’histoire et de l’identité du peuple canadien, deviennent désormais les médias de communication prédominants. Plus que jamais la culture de l’imprimé participe aux transformations qui métamorphoseront la colonie en véritable État, unifiant les peuples qui le composent. C’est cette synergie qui constituera l’un des aspects historiques et culturels les plus fascinants de cette période qui est au centre de ce deuxième volume de l’Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada. L’expansion du territoire canadien grâce à l’immigration massive, sa traversée par le chemin de fer et par la télégraphie renouvellent entièrement la dynamique de l’imprimé, de Terre-Neuve à Dawson City. Après 1880, l’imprimé de masse voit le jour grâce à la nouvelle technologie qui permet d’imprimer plus rapidement et à moindre coût, et grâce à la constitution de nouveaux marchés desservis par les librairies. Du missel au journal en passant par le livre de recette, le catalogue d’Eaton et l’almanach, les Canadiens sont dorénavant en contact quotidien avec cet objet matériel qu’est l’imprimé. Dans ce contexte, l’auteur émerge lentement, soutenu par un marché de distribution à l’échelle nord-américaine, par un nombre croissant de bibliothèques publiques et par des droits conquis pour la protection de son œuvre et sa diffusion