11 research outputs found
Uji Resistensi Bakteri Escherichia Coli Yang Diisolasi Dari Plak Gigi Terhadap Merkuri Dan Antibiotik Kloramfenikol
: Mercury is a liquid element at room temperature. Some main effects of mercury are dysfunctional of brain, kidneys and lungs, tremor, anxiety or nervous, insomnia, fetal growth restriction, and liver damage in pregnancy. Dental plaque is a soft material that attach on tooth\u27s surface, dental filling, or calculus. Antibiotic is a chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit the growth and kill microorganisms. Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that useful for treatment of a number of bacterial infections and anaerobic bacteria. The research using descriptive method. Subject of the research was mercury resistence Escherichia coliwhich isolated from dental plaque with dental filling and grew at broth Luria Bertani (LB) and solid LB. The result of observation on bacteria after incubated at 370C for 24 hours showed that at HgCl2, with available dilution, found bacteria at dental plaque with higher amounts of growth at 10ÏÏm concentration, intermediate amount of growth at 20ÏÏm concentration, and less amount of growth at 40ÏÏm concentration. As the result of observation on Escherichia coli after 24 hours of incubation, researcher found that the inhibition zone diameter of Eschericia coli for 30ÎŒg chloramphenicol was 20mm (>12mm) during first, second, and third treatment and included in sensitive category. Conclusion: As the result of this research, the inhibition zone diameter of Eschericia coli for 30ÎŒg chloramphenicol was 20mm (>12mm) during first, second, and third treatments and included in sensitive category
Spatial beam self-cleaning in second-harmonic generation
We experimentally demonstrate the spatial self-cleaning of a highly multimode optical beam, in the process of second-harmonic generation in a quadratic nonlinear potassium titanyl phosphate crystal. As the beam energy grows larger, the output beam from the crystal evolves from a highly speckled intensity pattern into a single, bell-shaped spot, sitting on a low energy background. We demonstrate that quadratic beam cleanup is accompanied by significant self-focusing of the fundamental beam, for both positive and negative signs of the linear phase mismatch close to the phase-matching condition
Sexual Functioning and Opioid Maintenance Treatment in Women. Results From a Large Multicentre Study
Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is the most widespread therapy for both females and males opioid addicts. While many studies have evaluated the OMT impact on menâs sexuality, the data collected about the change in womenâs sexual functioning is still limited despite the fact that it is now well-known that opioids - both endogenous and exogenous - affect the endocrine system and play an important role in sexual functioning. The present study aims to determine how OMT with buprenorphine (BUP) or methadone (MTD) affects sexual health in women; examining also any possible emerging correlation between sexual dysfunction (SD), type of opioid and patientsâ mental health. This multi-center study case recruited 258 female volunteers attending Italian public Addiction Outpatients Centers that were stabilized with OMT for at least 3 months. SD was assessed with the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. The twelve-item General Health Questionnaire was used to assess participantsâ mental health conditions. The results show that 56.6% of women receiving OMT for at least 3 months presented SD without significant differences between MTD e BUP groups. The majority of the subjects with SD have a poorer quality of intimate relationships and worse mental health than the average. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the largest report on the presence of SDs in women as a side effects of MTD and BUP used in OMT. Since SDs cause difficulties in intimate relationships, lower patientsâ quality of life and interfere with OMT beneficial outcomes, we recommend that women undertaking an opioid therapy have routine screening for SD and we highlight the importance to better examine opioid-endocrine interactions in future studies in order to provide alternative potential treatments such as the choice of opioid, opioid dose reduction and hormone supplementation
First diabetes prevalence study in Portugal: PREVADIAB study
Aims Diabetes is a growing worldwide problem. Ascertaining its prevalence is vital as a starting point to establish and measure the success of health interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and âpre-diabetesâ, defined as impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, in the Portuguese population aged between 20 and 79 years. Methods Considering the number of inhabitants between 20 and 79 years old, statistical units were selected that were representative regionally and nationally. The total sample comprised 5167 subjects. National prevalence was calculated. Analyses were performedon all thosewithout previously knowndiabetes usingWorld Health Organization reference diagnostic
criteria. Results We found a diabetes prevalence of 11.7% (95% confidence interval 10.8â12.6%), with a significant difference between men (14.2%; 95% confidence interval 12.5â15.5%) and women (9.5%; 95% confidence interval 8.5â10.6%).While 6.6% of the subjects had previously been diagnosed with diabetes, 5.1% were undiagnosed. By age groups, 2.4% of the population between 20 and 39 years, 12.6% of people from 40 to 59 years old and 26.3% of those aged between 60 and 79 years had diabetes. Prevalence of âpre-diabetesâ (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or both) in the population was 23.3%. Conclusions Diabetes has a high prevalence in Portugal. If âpre-diabetesâ is also considered, about one-third (34.9%) of the population aged 20â79 years is affected.A greater number of males were found to have diabetes.We detected a high percentage of people with undiagnosed diabetes (43.6%)
Spatial beam cleaning in quadratic nonlinear medium
We show experimentally that a laser beam scrambled by propagation in a short segment of multimode fiber may be cleaned by the nonlinear propagation in KTP cristal with type-II second-harmonic generation
Histoire du livre et de lâimprimĂ© au Canada, Volume II
Entre 1840 et 1918, lâimprimĂ© et le livre, qui avaient dĂ©jĂ contribuĂ© Ă lâĂ©laboration de lâhistoire et de lâidentitĂ© du peuple canadien, deviennent dĂ©sormais les mĂ©dias de communication prĂ©dominants. Plus que jamais la culture de lâimprimĂ© participe aux transformations qui mĂ©tamorphoseront la colonie en vĂ©ritable Ătat, unifiant les peuples qui le composent. Câest cette synergie qui constituera lâun des aspects historiques et culturels les plus fascinants de cette pĂ©riode qui est au centre de ce deuxiĂšme volume de lâHistoire du livre et de lâimprimĂ© au Canada. Lâexpansion du territoire canadien grĂące Ă lâimmigration massive, sa traversĂ©e par le chemin de fer et par la tĂ©lĂ©graphie renouvellent entiĂšrement la dynamique de lâimprimĂ©, de Terre-Neuve Ă Dawson City. AprĂšs 1880, lâimprimĂ© de masse voit le jour grĂące Ă la nouvelle technologie qui permet dâimprimer plus rapidement et Ă moindre coĂ»t, et grĂące Ă la constitution de nouveaux marchĂ©s desservis par les librairies. Du missel au journal en passant par le livre de recette, le catalogue dâEaton et lâalmanach, les Canadiens sont dorĂ©navant en contact quotidien avec cet objet matĂ©riel quâest lâimprimĂ©. Dans ce contexte, lâauteur Ă©merge lentement, soutenu par un marchĂ© de distribution Ă lâĂ©chelle nord-amĂ©ricaine, par un nombre croissant de bibliothĂšques publiques et par des droits conquis pour la protection de son Ćuvre et sa diffusion