The USMCA: NAFTA re-negotiated and its business implications in a nutshell

No lawyer or business operating in North America can escape the significance of NAFTA and its successor, the USMCA agreement of 2018. This Nutshell introduces students, lawyers, government officials and business persons to the law and economics of North American free trade. It first examines the origins, operation and impact of NAFTA 1994. The changes made by the USMCA agreement of 2018, and their implications for business, are explored in detail. In preparing this Nutshell, we have attempted to address the interests not only of North Americans, but also persons located outside the region who are concerned about the externalities of North American free trade, intellectual property and foreign investment law.https://digital.sandiego.edu/law_fac_books/1023/thumbnail.jp

A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING BENEFITS TO FISHERMEN OF A CHANNEL DREDGING PROJECT

Considerable discussion has already taken place· regarding the limitations of benefit-cost analysis. The purpose of this paper is not to engender further debate concerning the merits of benefit-cost analysis, but rather to present a framework and example of application of benefit-cost analysis to a problem facing the fishing industry

2002, "Risk factors for progression of common carotid atherosclerosis: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study, 1987-1998

Intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries is a marker of atherosclerosis and has been shown to be associated with prevalent and incident coronary heart disease and with coronary heart disease risk factors. The authors examined the association of baseline risk factors or change in risk factors with change in intimamedia thickness over follow-up (1987-1998) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) populationbased cohort (baseline: age 45-64 years, n = 15,792). Subjects were members of households sampled in four areas of the United States. Either not adjusting for baseline intima-media thickness or doing so with correction for its measurement error resulted in statistically significant associations of change in intima-media thickness with baseline diabetes, current smoking, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, pulse pressure, white blood cell count, and fibrinogen. The associations were of a similar order of magnitude as anticipated from the authors' cross-sectional findings. Statistically significant associations were found between change in intima-media thickness and change in low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and with onset of diabetes and hypertension. In summary, established risk factors for coronary heart disease are associated with the rate of change of subclinical atherosclerosis. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries, as measured by B-mode ultrasound, is a marker of atherosclerosis as assessed pathologically (1-3) and serves as a marker of generalized atherosclerosis, having been shown to be positively associated with prevalent (4) and incident (5-8) coronary heart disease and with incident stroke (8, 9). Carotid IMT is associated with risk factors for atherosclerotic disease (10-25), and lipid-lowering therapy slows progression of carotid IMT (26-31). Although opinions are mixed concerning whether carotid IMT is a good marker for coronary atherosclerosis MATERIALS AND METHODS Cohort examination At baseline, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study population consisted of household members aged 45-64 years sampled in selected Minneapolis suburbs of Minnesota; Forsyth County, North Carolina; Washington County, Maryland; and Jackson, Mississippi (the latter sample from Black residents only). Details of the sampling procedures have been described elsewhere (37, 38). The 15,792 participants underwent a baseline examination in 1987-1989 and follow-up examinations in 1990-1992, 1993-1995, and 1996-1998. The response rate for the baseline sample was 60 percent. Of those subjects still alive at the time of the scheduled follow-up visits, response rates were 93, 86, and 81 percent, respectively