Dibujo a mano alzada y medios gráficos digitales

En esta ponencia se reflexiona sobre la inclusión de los medios de representación tradicionales (dibujo a mano alzada) en la enseñanza de las disciplinas vinculadas al Diseño. Para ello se exponen algunas posibilidades de representación mixta o híbrida. La reflexión se centra en dos caminos posibles para ejercitar esta mixtura: partiendo del dibujo digital o del dibujo manual, pues ambas vías combinan las virtudes de complementar diferentes formatos o modos de producción. La ejercitación de estas técnicas fue desarrollada como una experiencia áulica en un curso de representación gráfica

The temporal dimension in the graphic representation of urban spaces and landscape projects

En Física se denomina “cuarta dimensión” al Tiempo para relacionarlo con el Espacio, que se define mediante tres dimensiones. Dado que en los proyectos de paisaje y de espacios urbanos se trabaja con materiales vivos —cuya apariencia cambia substancialmente con el tiempo— la introducción de la cuarta dimensión ofrece un variado campo de posibilidades para la expresión de fenómenos complejos, aquellos que se desarrollan en el tiempo y en el espacio, lo que hace de la representación gráfica del paisaje un valioso y original objeto de estudio. En este paper analizaremos algunos recursos gráficos que permiten introducir el tiempo en la representación del espacio. De este modo se establecen nuevas vías para representar proyectos vinculados al diseño de paisaje y a la intervención en el espacio urbano.In Physics, Time is called "fourth dimension“ to relate it to Space, which is defined by three dimensions. Given that landscape projects and urban spaces work with living materials - whose appearance changes substantially with time - the introduction of the fourth dimension offers a varied field of possibilities for the expression of complex phenomena, those that develop over time and in space, what makes the graphic representation of the landscape a valuable and original object of study. In this paper we will analyze some graphic resources that allow to introduce time in the representation of space, in order to establish new ways to represent projects linked to landscape design and intervention in urban space.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Zabezpieczenie przed konfiskatą – ochrona prawna dla muzeów organizujących wystawy międzynarodowe

Anti-seizure legislation for museums organizing international exhibitions„International exhibitions are playing an increasingly important part in the life of our museums and galleries. Such exhibitions draw together items from collections in many different countries, introducing visitors to different cultures and civilisations, and increasing their understanding of other countries. They make it possible for visitors to study works of a particular movement or artist which are usually scattered across the world, and encourage them to visit the museums or galleries’ permanent collections” – wrote Anne O’Connell in one of the fi rst studies devoted to the process of implementation of the immunity from seizure to museum’s legal practice. The immunity of seizure is „the legal guarantee that cultural objects on temporary loan from another State will be protected against any form of seizure during the loan period”. There are three main reasons for which the lenders ask for: protection against application for pre-judgment relief. This would cover the situation when someone wishes to claim ownership of a work of art and brings legal proceedings to do so; protection against applications to enforce any judgment or arbitration award. This is the situation where an individual or company is owed money by the owner of the works of art, and wishes to seize the works of art so that it can be sold to pay the debt due; protection against criminal seizure. This category would grant protection against any seizure by police or customs or any other enforcement authority in the exercise of their powers. Since the 1960.ties, the notion of ‘immunity from seizure’ became one of the main subjects of international exchange of museum items and problem of intercultural policy. The first solutions were proposed and adopted in U.S. In 1994 the anti-seizure legislation was introduced in France. In the years 2003/2004, an extensive study was carried out on State indemnity systems at the request of the European Commission. On the subject of immunity from seizure, the study group stated that „it is better for both borrowers and lenders to be protected from any third party action. It therefore seems wise for each country to introduce a law ensuring immunity from seizure. In result of this conclusion the Working Group on Immunity of Seizure, co-chaired by Poland and Germany, was established by the EU Program Mobility of Collection and worked 2008–2010. The first result of the research was ascertain that 6 of 27 Member States (MS) implemented Immunity from Seizure to practice (Austria, Belgium, Estonia, France, Germany, the Netherlands, UK), either as a separate regulation or as paragraphs in civil codes, 2 MS have regulation that are related to the subject (Lithuania and Romania), 2 MS have almost finalized its legislation (Finland, Italy), 7 MS are considering to enacting anti- seizure legislation at some point in the future (Czech Republic, Greece, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia). It means that 17 of 27 MS are on the way toward reciprocity of anti-seizure cover in exhibition and museums items’ exchange. It was also observed that 14 MS (Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain and previously UK) have practiced letters of comfort, when this form of legal guaranty was a condition of loan (usually asked by Russia). The amount of Members States of EU implementing the anti-seizure legislation in service of public cultural activity is still growing up. 63% of countries decided to introduce or are on the way to introducing Immunity for Seizure regulation for museums’ purposes. Having analyzed legal basements, the group concluded that there are still existing but decreasing group of countries where the letters of comfort play the role of anti-seizure legislation. The final conclusion at the moment might be that different States follow different approaches, which may work best for them. This all depends on their respective legal tradition and system, but also on the amount of international art loans they are conducting, temporary exhibitions they are hosting, or the demands of lending States or museums. When considering immunity from seizure guarantees (including legislations) States assess which approach would fit them best

Discursos gráficos sobre la flexibilidad de la vivienda colectiva contemporánea

This paper presents a master's thesis whose main objective is to study the graphic representation of different ideas and concepts of flexibility, developed in a selection of contemporary collective housing projects. The concept of flexibility introduces temporality in the domestic project, therefore, the main object of study are the drawings in plan, because they are the ones that best express the uses of space and its possibilities for transformation. The research starts from the hypothesis that this graphics translate the ideas that underpin the projects and in this way become true graphic discourses.Esta ponencia expone una tesis de maestría en desarrollo, cuyo principal objetivo es estudiar la representación gráfica de diferentes ideas y conceptos de flexibilidad presentes en una selección de proyectos contemporáneos de vivienda colectiva. La investigación parte de la hipótesis de que determinados gráficos traducen claramente las ideas que sustentan los proyectos, de modo que se convierten en verdaderos discursos gráficos. Un discurso siempre implica intenciones y está cargado de matices, de interpretaciones y de connotaciones diversas. La carga ideológica que los discursos inevitablemente contienen los vuelve un valioso objeto de estudio para desarrollar una tesis. En los casos estudiados, los discursos gráficos elaborados por los arquitectos proyectistas son un reflejo de diferentes concepciones de flexibilidad, ya que no consideran al espacio habitable como un producto terminado o pensado para un usuario definido, sino que lo entienden como un proyecto adaptable. Estos gráficos incorporan la temporalidad y la adaptabilidad del espacio como conceptos proyectuales claves a ser comunicados en el proyecto.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

ESTABLISHMENT OF ICOM NATIONAL COMMITTEE POLAND AND THE ROLE IT PLAYED IN 1947–1958

International Committee Poland (PKN) of the International Council of Museums (ICOM) was founded in 1947 as a result of Poland having joined the United Nations, and subsequently the International Council on Monuments and Sites (UNESCO). Throughout the 72 years of its activity, ICOM Poland (PKN ICOM) has transformed from a smallsized group of museum directors and experts (21 individuals in 1947) into a team of professionals amounting to over 300 individuals (either professionally active or retired). Their contribution to shaping Polish museology will likely become the topic of an extensive monograph. In 1947-2018, ICOM Poland was presided by 8 individuals (see Table 1.); their operation mode was specified by subsequent ICOM Statues, modified by the General Assembly, as well as the ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums. It is the first decade of the ICOM Poland operations that is discussed in the paper; the names of the illustrious museologists of that period are given; they were the ones who in 1947-58 worked out the principles of cooperation, and despite the challenging political situation, were able to gradually introduce the rules of creating museums and of managing them as institutions of heritage protection and active learning, open to a broad exchange of ideas and international cooperation; furthermore, they worked out the assumptions and models for museum exhibits’ conservation and documentation

Natural Gas Pipeline Technology Overview.

The United States relies on natural gas for one-quarter of its energy needs. In 2001 alone, the nation consumed 21.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. A large portion of natural gas pipeline capacity within the United States is directed from major production areas in Texas and Louisiana, Wyoming, and other states to markets in the western, eastern, and midwestern regions of the country. In the past 10 years, increasing levels of gas from Canada have also been brought into these markets (EIA 2007). The United States has several major natural gas production basins and an extensive natural gas pipeline network, with almost 95% of U.S. natural gas imports coming from Canada. At present, the gas pipeline infrastructure is more developed between Canada and the United States than between Mexico and the United States. Gas flows from Canada to the United States through several major pipelines feeding U.S. markets in the Midwest, Northeast, Pacific Northwest, and California. Some key examples are the Alliance Pipeline, the Northern Border Pipeline, the Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline, the TransCanada Pipeline System, and Westcoast Energy pipelines. Major connections join Texas and northeastern Mexico, with additional connections to Arizona and between California and Baja California, Mexico (INGAA 2007). Of the natural gas consumed in the United States, 85% is produced domestically. Figure 1.1-1 shows the complex North American natural gas network. The pipeline transmission system--the 'interstate highway' for natural gas--consists of 180,000 miles of high-strength steel pipe varying in diameter, normally between 30 and 36 inches in diameter. The primary function of the transmission pipeline company is to move huge amounts of natural gas thousands of miles from producing regions to local natural gas utility delivery points. These delivery points, called 'city gate stations', are usually owned by distribution companies, although some are owned by transmission companies. Compressor stations at required distances boost the pressure that is lost through friction as the gas moves through the steel pipes (EPA 2000). The natural gas system is generally described in terms of production, processing and purification, transmission and storage, and distribution (NaturalGas.org 2004b). Figure 1.1-2 shows a schematic of the system through transmission. This report focuses on the transmission pipeline, compressor stations, and city gates

The temporal dimension in the graphic representation of urban spaces and landscape projects

En Física se denomina “cuarta dimensión” al Tiempo para relacionarlo con el Espacio, que se define mediante tres dimensiones. Dado que en los proyectos de paisaje y espacios urbanos se trabaja con materiales vivos —cuya apariencia cambia substancialmente con el tiempo— la introducción de la cuarta dimensión ofrece un variado campo de posibilidades para la expresión de fenómenos complejos, aquellos que se desarrollan en el tiempo y en el espacio, lo que hace de la representación gráfica del paisaje un valioso y original objeto de estudio. En este paper analizaremos algunos recursos gráficos que permiten introducir el tiempo en la representación del espacio, de modo de establecer nuevas vías para representar proyectos vinculados al diseño de paisaje y a la intervención en el espacio urbano.In Physics, Time is called "fourth dimension" to relate it to Space, which is defined by three dimensions. Given that landscape projects and urban spaces work with living materials - whose appearance changes substantially with time - the introduction of the fourth dimension offers a varied field of possibilities for the expression of complex phenomena, those that develop over time. and in space, what makes the graphic representation of the landscape a valuable and original object of study. In this paper we will analyze some graphic resources that allow to introduce time in the representation of space, in order to establish new ways to represent projects linked to landscape design and intervention in urban space

Miejsce monakoliny K w terapii hiperlipidemii

The most common ischemic heart disease risk factor is dyslipidemia and the statins are still the most important antihyperlipidemic agents. This very paper treats efficacy, safety and role of dietary supplement, statin derivate — monacolin K andits role in modern cardiologic pharmacotherapy.Najbardziej rozpowszechnionym czynnikiem ryzyka choroby niedokrwiennej serca jest dyslipidemia. Statyny natomiast stanowią pierwszą linię leczenia hipolipemizującego. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono pochodną statyn, suplement diety — monakolinę K; jej skuteczność, bezpieczeństwo oraz miejsce w nowoczesnej terapii kardiologicznej

Transformaciones de la representación conceptual tridimensional en tiempos de virtualidad

Métodos y Procesos Creativos (MPC) es un curso opcional del primer año de la carrera de arquitectura de la FADU UDELAR (Montevideo, Uruguay).&nbsp