185 research outputs found
Spectroscopic Discovery of the Broad-Lined Type Ic Supernova 2010bh Associated with the Low-Redshift GRB 100316D
We present the spectroscopic discovery of a broad-lined Type Ic supernova (SN
2010bh) associated with the nearby long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB) 100316D.
At z = 0.0593, this is the third-nearest GRB-SN. Nightly optical spectra
obtained with the Magellan telescopes during the first week after explosion
reveal the gradual emergence of very broad spectral features superposed on a
blue continuum. The supernova features are typical of broad-lined SNe Ic and
are generally consistent with previous supernovae associated with low-redshift
GRBs. However, the inferred velocities of SN 2010bh at 21 days after explosion
are a factor of ~2 times larger than those of the prototypical SN 1998bw at
similar epochs, with v ~ 26,000 km/s, indicating a larger explosion energy or a
different ejecta structure. A near-infrared spectrum taken 13.8 days after
explosion shows no strong evidence for He I at 1.083 microns, implying that the
progenitor was largely stripped of its helium envelope. The host galaxy is of
low luminosity (M_R ~ -18.5 mag) and low metallicity (Z < 0.4 Z_solar), similar
to the hosts of other low-redshift GRB-SNe.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to ApJ Letter
Updated observing scenarios and multi-messenger implications for the International Gravitational-wave Network's O4 and O5
Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run brought another binary neutron
star merger (BNS) and the first neutron-star black-hole (NSBH) mergers. While
no confirmed kilonovae (KNe) was identified in conjunction with any of these
events, continued improvements of analyses surrounding GW170817 allow us to
project constraints on the Hubble Constant (), the Galactic enrichment
from -process nucleosynthesis, and ultra-dense matter possible from
forthcoming events. Here, we describe the expected constraints based on the
latest expected event rates from the international gravitational-wave network
(IGWN) and analyses of GW170817. We show the expected detection rate of
gravitational waves and their counterparts, as well as how sensitive potential
constraints are to the observed numbers of counterparts. We intend this
analysis as support for the community when creating scientifically-driven
electromagnetic follow-up proposals. During the next observing run O4, we
predict an annual detection rate of electromagnetic counterparts from BNS of
() for the Zwicky Transient
Facility (Rubin Observatory)
The Fermi GBM Gamma-Ray Burst Spectral Catalog: Four Years Of Data
In this catalog we present the updated set of spectral analyses of GRBs
detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) during its first four years
of operation. It contains two types of spectra, time-integrated spectral fits
and spectral fits at the brightest time bin, from 943 triggered GRBs. Four
different spectral models were fitted to the data, resulting in a compendium of
more than 7500 spectra. The analysis was performed similarly, but not
identically to Goldstein et al. 2012. All 487 GRBs from the first two years
have been re-fitted using the same methodology as that of the 456 GRBs in years
three and four. We describe, in detail, our procedure and criteria for the
analysis, and present the results in the form of parameter distributions both
for the observer-frame and rest-frame quantities. The data files containing the
complete results are available from the High-Energy Astrophysics Science
Archive Research Center (HEASARC).Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program I: Observations, Data Reduction, and Spectroscopic Sample of 582 Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
In this first paper in a series we present 1298 low-redshift (z\leq0.2)
optical spectra of 582 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) observed from 1989 through
2008 as part of the Berkeley SN Ia Program (BSNIP). 584 spectra of 199 SNe Ia
have well-calibrated light curves with measured distance moduli, and many of
the spectra have been corrected for host-galaxy contamination. Most of the data
were obtained using the Kast double spectrograph mounted on the Shane 3 m
telescope at Lick Observatory and have a typical wavelength range of
3300-10,400 Ang., roughly twice as wide as spectra from most previously
published datasets. We present our observing and reduction procedures, and we
describe the resulting SN Database (SNDB), which will be an online, public,
searchable database containing all of our fully reduced spectra and companion
photometry. In addition, we discuss our spectral classification scheme (using
the SuperNova IDentification code, SNID; Blondin & Tonry 2007), utilising our
newly constructed set of SNID spectral templates. These templates allow us to
accurately classify our entire dataset, and by doing so we are able to
reclassify a handful of objects as bona fide SNe Ia and a few other objects as
members of some of the peculiar SN Ia subtypes. In fact, our dataset includes
spectra of nearly 90 spectroscopically peculiar SNe Ia. We also present
spectroscopic host-galaxy redshifts of some SNe Ia where these values were
previously unknown. [Abridged]Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures, 11 tables, revised version, re-submitted to
MNRAS. Spectra will be released in January 2013. The SN Database homepage
(http://hercules.berkeley.edu/database/index_public.html) contains the full
tables, plots of all spectra, and our new SNID template
Multi-Messenger Astronomy with Extremely Large Telescopes
The field of time-domain astrophysics has entered the era of Multi-messenger
Astronomy (MMA). One key science goal for the next decade (and beyond) will be
to characterize gravitational wave (GW) and neutrino sources using the next
generation of Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). These studies will have a
broad impact across astrophysics, informing our knowledge of the production and
enrichment history of the heaviest chemical elements, constrain the dense
matter equation of state, provide independent constraints on cosmology,
increase our understanding of particle acceleration in shocks and jets, and
study the lives of black holes in the universe. Future GW detectors will
greatly improve their sensitivity during the coming decade, as will
near-infrared telescopes capable of independently finding kilonovae from
neutron star mergers. However, the electromagnetic counterparts to
high-frequency (LIGO/Virgo band) GW sources will be distant and faint and thus
demand ELT capabilities for characterization. ELTs will be important and
necessary contributors to an advanced and complete multi-messenger network.Comment: White paper submitted to the Astro2020 Decadal Surve
The Lantern, 2021-2022
No More Buses through El Paso • A Woman\u27s World • The Angel of Tragedy • A Victim of Circumstance • Ace of Hearts • Ghost Light • Missing Diamonds • The Upside-Down House: A Dialogue with the Self • What is Chronic Pain? • A Sunny Day in Sinkhole • Extra Marshmallows • Fourth Wall Broken • Hemlock • In the Comfort of Others • Lasting Impressions • Let\u27s Do the Time Warp Again • One Last Afternoon • Space Invaders • The Dogwood Tree • An Ode to Poppies • Charlotte\u27s Web • Crab • Crossing • Dandelions • Dandelion Sandwich • Grizzly Hood • Help Wanted • I Gave Way • I\u27m not who you wanted but maybe one day I can be • Kneeling • Lemon Cookies • Lies • Method Acting • Moment of Tranquility • Our Home • Overthinking • Sea Glass • Seasonal • Thirty-Two (No Spares) • The Autumn Beast • The Miller\u27s Daughter • Theodore • To the Earring I Left Behind in Your Carpet • Virginia • Waltzing • Yellow House • 1/25 British Monarch • Cracked • In the Shadows • Jewelwing • Life on the Wing • O\u27 Captain my Captain • Stars Above the Bay • The Common Fall • Tom • Cats + Crowshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1190/thumbnail.jp
Experiences of using vedolizumab in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease in the East Midlands UK – a retrospective observational study
PurposeClinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Further real-world data is needed to inform clinical practice. The primary outcome was to assess corticosteroid-free and clinical remission after vedolizumab initiation. Secondary outcomes included effect on disease activity scores, biochemical markers, concomitant drug use, endoscopic remission, surgical intervention, hospital admissions and adverse events.Materials and methodsA multi-centre retrospective observational study was conducted with patients initiated on vedolizumab across seven UK hospitals 1/11/14-30/11/16. Clinical disease activity was assessed using the partial Mayo Scores (pMS) and Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI). Clinical remission was defined as HBI [less than] 4 or pMS [less than]2 with a combined stool frequency and rectal bleeding sub score of [less than] 1. Clinical response was defined as ≥2-point decrease from baseline in pMS and ≥3-point decrease from baseline in HBI.ResultsOne hundred ninety-two patients were included in the final analysis. 45% of UC and 10% of CD patients were anti-TNF naive. Over the observation period corticosteroid-free remission rates for UC and CD were 46% and 45%, while clinical remission rates were 52% and 44%, respectively. Time to corticosteroid free remission for UC and CD was 17.6 [IQR: 8.7–29.6] and 14.1 [QR: 6.0–21.7] weeks, respectively. Time to clinical response for UC was 9.4 [IQR: 5.7–15.4] and CD was 9.5 [IQR: 6.1–18.2] weeks. There was a substantial decrease in the concomitant use of immunomodulators and a similar decrease in concomitant corticosteroid use over the study period. ConclusionsResults in this predominately anti-TNF experienced population mirror other published real-world data, demonstrating good clinical effectiveness and a comparable safety profile
Stress biology:Complexity and multifariousness in health and disease
Preserving and regulating cellular homeostasis in the light of changing environmental conditions or developmental processes is of pivotal importance for single cellular and multicellular organisms alike. To counteract an imbalance in cellular homeostasis transcriptional programs evolved, called the heat shock response, unfolded protein response, and integrated stress response, that act cell-autonomously in most cells but in multicellular organisms are subjected to cell-nonautonomous regulation. These transcriptional programs downregulate the expression of most genes but increase the expression of heat shock genes, including genes encoding molecular chaperones and proteases, proteins involved in the repair of stress-induced damage to macromolecules and cellular structures. Sixty-one years after the discovery of the heat shock response by Ferruccio Ritossa, many aspects of stress biology are still enigmatic. Recent progress in the understanding of stress responses and molecular chaperones was reported at the 12th International Symposium on Heat Shock Proteins in Biology, Medicine and the Environment in the Old Town Alexandria, VA, USA from 28th to 31st of October 2023.</p
Girls and Boys Born before 28Â Weeks Gestation: Risks of Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurologic Outcomes at Age 10Â Years
To compare the prevalence of cognitive, neurological, and behavioral outcomes at 10 years of age in 428 girls and 446 boys who were born extremely preterm (EP)
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