275 research outputs found
Heat stress and feeding behaviour of dairy cows in late lactation
Heat stress is one of the most important problems that dairy cows have to face and the use of cooling systems is becoming more and more important. The first reaction that has the animal to cope with the environmental variations is to modify its behaviour. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress and a cooling system on the feeding behaviour of Italian Holstein Friesian dairy cows in late lactation. Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, eight dairy cows were firstly kept 7 d under thermoneutral condition, and then under mild heat stress (temperature humidity index, THI, ranging between 72 and 78) for others 7 d. The second experiment consisted of 8 dairy cows used in a two-period cross-over design where the treatment was the use or not of a sprinkler system for cooling cows under mild heat stress. Cows were equipped with a noseband pressure sensor able to detect rumination and eating time, number of rumination and eating chews, number of rumination boluses and rumination intensity. Heat stress reduced rumination time, number of rumination chews and boluses (p <.05), and tended to reduce the number of eating chews (p <.10). Cooled cows increased rumination and eating time (p <.05), rumination intensity (p <.01), and the number of rumination and eating chews (p <.05). In conclusion, feeding behaviour was deeply influenced even by mild heat stress, which was effectively improved by the use of a sprinkler system.HIGHLIGHTS Mild heat stress reduced rumination time, number of rumination chews and boluses of dairy cows in late lactation Cooling cows with sprinklers was effective in alleviating heat stress in terms of feeding behaviour
Effect of heat stress on dairy cow performance and on expression of protein metabolism genes in mammary cells
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of heat stress on dairy cow performance and on the expression of selected genes involved in milk protein metabolism. Eight Italian Holstein Friesian cows were kept under thermoneutral conditions (temperature\u2013humidity index (THI) 0.05), CSN3 (p > 0.05), HSPA8 (p > 0.05), and STAT5B (p > 0.05) mRNA. Mild heat stress reduced the performance of dairy cows without affecting the expression of genes coding for caseins
Bariatric and metabolic surgery during COVID-19 outbreak phase 2 in Italy. Why, when and how to restart
In Italy elective bariatric and metabolic surgery was cancelled on February 21,2020 at the beginning of the so-called phase 1 of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Gradually it was restarted on May 4,2020 at the beginning of the so-called phase 2, when epidemiological data showed containment of the infection. Before the outbreak in eight high-volume bariatric centers 840 patients were surgically treated developing a Covid-19 infection, during phase 1, in only 5 cases (0.6%) without mortality. The post-operative complication rate was similar when compared to the 836 subjects submitted to bariatric surgery the year before. Since the high prevalence of infection in subjects with BMI > 30, it was argued that early intervention on obesity during phase 2 could help to minimize the effects of the disease in the event of a possible reversion to a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak phase 1. At the same time a prospective observational study from July 1 till the WHO declaration of the end of the pandemic has started in the eight high volume centers to monitor the post-operative outcome and its effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection
Relationship between gastric pouch and GERD after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
open9noAims and objectives
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) is considered safe and effective even as
conversion procedure after primary bariatric operations. The correlation between gastric
pouch volumes and gastro-esophageal reflux disease's (GERD) symptoms (heartburn,
reflux, regurgitation) remains unclear (1, 2).
With this study we want to assess a correlation between the gastric remnant size and
GERD.openPomerri, F.; Romanucci, G.; Barbiero, G.; Zuliani, M.; Ortu, V.; Miotto, D.; Albanese, A.; Prevedello, L.; Foletto, M.Pomerri, Fabio; Romanucci, G.; Barbiero, G.; Zuliani, M.; Ortu, V.; Miotto, Diego; Albanese, A.; Prevedello, L.; Foletto, M
Characteristics of carcass, meat and subcutaneous fat of Mangalica pigs reared outdoors
Importance of the work: Mangalica pig meat has a reputation for superior quality. Little information is available on this breed reared for heavy pig production. Objectives: To evaluate the effects of sex on the carcass, loin and lard characteristics (inner and outer layers) of Blonde Mangalica pigs. Materials & Methods: In total, 15 Blonde Mangalica pigs were considered (10 castrated males and 5 females) that were reared together outdoors. The pigs had ad libitum access to the same diet and were slaughtered at age 22.9 mth, with an average carcass weight of 141.4 kg. Results: Sex did not affect the carcass, meat or lard characteristics. In general, the Mangalica pigs had an average fat thickness of 70 mm and a loin cholesterol content of 0.674 mg/g. The loin had 39.0%, 52.5% and 8.5% saturated (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively. Significant differences were found in the characteristics of the two lard layers. In particular, the inner layer was brighter and had a higher dry matter content than the outer layer. Regarding the fatty acids content, the inner layer had a lower PUFA but higher SFA content. Main finding: Sex did not influence the carcass, meat or lard characteristics of the Mangalica pigs. The results improved the characterization and filled knowledge gaps regarding meat and lard quality parameters of heavy Mangalica pigs reared outdoors
Bariatric and metabolic surgery during COVID-19 outbreak phase 2 in Italy: why, when and how to restart
In Italy elective bariatric and metabolic surgery was cancelled on February 21,2020 at the beginning of the so-called phase 1 of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Gradually it was restarted on May 4,2020 at the beginning of the so-called phase 2, when epidemiological data showed containment of the infection. Before the outbreak in eight high-volume bariatric centers 840 patients were surgically treated developing a Covid-19 infection, during phase 1, in only 5 cases (0.6%) without mortality. The post-operative complication rate was similar when compared to the 836 subjects submitted to bariatric surgery the year before. Since the high prevalence of infection in subjects with BMI. 30, it was argued that early intervention on obesity during phase 2 could help to minimize the effects of the disease in the event of a possible reversion to a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak phase 1. At the same time a prospective observational study from July 1 till the WHO declaration of the end of the pandemic has started in the eight high volume centers to monitor the post-operative outcome and its effect on SARS-CoV2 infection. (C) 2020 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
The effect of timing and composition of gestational weight gain in obese pregnant women on infant birth weight: A prospective cohort study.
Introduction: CK2 is a protein kinase implicated in several essential cellular
processes, over-expressed in cancer and described to regulate insulin
signaling cascade. Recently CK2 has been described to negatively regulate
thermogenesis (Shinoda K et al, 2015, Cell Metabolism) and to inhibit
insulin release (Rossi M et al, 2015, PNAS). Nevertheless, the role of CK2
in adipose tissue (AT) and its involvement in human obesity development
and therapy has been poorly investigated.
Methods: Our multi-disciplinary team performed biochemical analysis of
signaling pathways by WB and in vitro kinase activity assays, and glucose
handling studies using glucose uptake assay and IF in adipocyte cultures
and glucose and insulin tolerance test in mice. Moreover we quantify CK2
expression/activity in human AT specimens of 27 obese patients, clinically
characterized, in 12 obese patients underwent relevant weight loss and 11
normal-weight controls.
Results: We proved that CK2 amount and activity were not influenced
by insulin stimulation and that CK2 activity was efficiently inhibited by
specific inhibitors, structurally unrelated. We worked with CX-4945, a
CK2 inhibitor currently used in cancer clinical trials, using the minimal
concentration (2.5 \u192
dM) and pre-treatment time (1hr) able to efficiently
inhibit CK2 activity, avoiding any cytotoxic effect. Pharmacological
inhibition of CK2 did not significantly affect in vitro adipogenic differentiation
or expression profiling of mature adipocytes. Conversely, we
showed that in human and murine adipocytes CK2-inhibition decreases
the insulin-induced glucose uptake by counteracting Akt-signaling and
GLUT4-translocation to the plasma membrane. We compared CK2 expression
and activity in different mouse tissues highlighted that white
skeletal muscle fibres and liver contained the highest quantity of this kinase.
CK2 was expressed more in brown AT than in white AT depots. We
show that CK2 promotes insulin-signaling in mouse AT, liver and skeletal
muscle and that in vivo acute treatment with CX-4945 impairs glucose-
tolerance in mice. Studies in tissues of ob/ob and db/db mice highlights
an up-regulation of CK2 expression and activity only in WAT. CK2
hyper-activation is strongly evident also in SAT and VAT of obese patients
and weight loss obtained by bariatric surgery or hypocaloric diet reverts
CK2 up-regulation to normal level.
Conclusion: We show that CK2 is involved in insulin sensitivity, glucose
handling and remodeling of WAT. Moreover we identify CK2 hyper-activation
as a hallmark of human obesity, suggesting a new potential therapeutic
target for metabolic diseases
Adsorption of ketoprofen and paracetamol and treatment of a synthetic mixture by novel porous carbon derived from Butia capitata endocarp
In this work, endocarp of the species Butia capitata was employed as precursor material to prepare a novel activated carbon with intrinsic properties to remove ketoprofen and paracetamol from water efficiently. The activated carbon presented a predominantly microporous structure, with an average pore diameter of 1.23 nm, a total pore volume of 0.449 cm3 g−1, and a high specific surface area, 820 m2 g−1. The adsorption kinetics showed a rapid initial decay for both pharmaceuticals, with the system entering equilibrium after 120 min for ketoprofen and 180 min for paracetamol. The pseudo-second-order model presented the best fit for ketoprofen and the Elovich model for paracetamol. The adsorption equilibrium data show that temperature can increase or decrease the adsorption capacity, being found a maximum adsorption capacity of 108.79 and 100.60 mg g−1 for the ketoprofen and paracetamol, respectively. The Freundlich and Langmuir models presented the best statistical adjustments for the adsorption of ketoprofen and paracetamol, respectively. The thermodynamic analysis confirmed an endothermic process for ketoprofen (ΔH0 = 11.98 kJ mol−1) and exothermic for paracetamol (ΔH0 = -13.37 kJ mol−1). The recycle tests revealed that the adsorbent has an average decrease for removal percentage of only 1.88 % for ketoprofen and 1.57 % for paracetamol. Estimations costs indicate that the price of 1 kg of activated carbon costs is 2.39 USD at minimum. Last, the material presented a highly efficient adsorptive activity to treat a synthetic mixture containing several pharmaceutical compounds and salts, reaching 84.82% removal
Utilizzo della FT-NIRs per il monitoraggio del valore chimico-nutrizionale delle risorse foraggere di aziende transumanti alpine
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