10,023 research outputs found
Assessing the Effectiveness of Automated Emotion Recognition in Adults and Children for Clinical Investigation
Recent success stories in automated object or face recognition, partly fuelled by deep learning artificial neural network (ANN) architectures, has led to the advancement of biometric research platforms and, to some extent, the resurrection of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In line with this general trend, inter-disciplinary approaches have taken place to automate the recognition of emotions in adults or children for the benefit of various applications such as identification of children emotions prior to a clinical investigation. Within this context, it turns out that automating emotion recognition is far from being straight forward with several challenges arising for both science(e.g., methodology underpinned by psychology) and technology (e.g., iMotions biometric research platform). In this paper, we present a methodology, experiment and interesting findings, which raise the following research questions for the recognition of emotions and attention in humans: a) adequacy of well-established techniques such as the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), b) adequacy of state-of-the-art biometric research platforms, c) the extent to which emotional responses may be different among children or adults. Our findings and first attempts to answer some of these research questions, are all based on a mixed sample of adults and children, who took part in the experiment resulting into a statistical analysis of numerous variables. These are related with, both automatically and interactively, captured responses of participants to a sample of IAPS pictures
Charm meson resonances in decays
Motivated by recent experimental results we reconsider semileptonic decays within a model which combines heavy quark symmetry and
properties of the chiral Lagrangian. We include excited charm meson states,
some of them recently observed, in our Lagrangian and determine their impact on
the charm meson semileptonic form factors. We find that the inclusion of
excited charm meson states in the model leads to a rather good agreement with
the experimental results on the shape of the form factor. We
also calculate branching ratios for all decays.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; minor corrections, added some discussion, version
as publishe
A New Method for Obtaining Binary Pulsar Distances and its Implications for Tests of General Relativity
We demonstrate how measuring orbital period derivatives can lead to more
accurate distance estimates and transverse velocities for some nearby binary
pulsars. In many cases this method will estimate distances more accurately than
is possible by annual parallax, as the relative error decreases as t^-5/2.
Unfortunately, distance uncertainties limit the degree to which nearby
relativistic binary pulsars can be used for testing the general relativistic
prediction of orbital period decay to a few percent. Nevertheless, the measured
orbital period derivative of PSR B1534+12 agrees within the observational
uncertainties with that predicted by general relativity if the proper-motion
contribution is accounted for.Comment: 4 pages, latex, uuencoded compressed postscript + source, no figures,
uses aaspptwo.sty and dec.sty, accepted for publication in ApJL, omitted
reference now include
Extending Elliptic Curve Chabauty to higher genus curves
We give a generalization of the method of "Elliptic Curve Chabauty" to higher
genus curves and their Jacobians. This method can sometimes be used in
conjunction with covering techniques and a modified version of the Mordell-Weil
sieve to provide a complete solution to the problem of determining the set of
rational points of an algebraic curve .Comment: 24 page
Are the distributions of Fast Radio Burst properties consistent with a cosmological population?
High time resolution radio surveys over the last few years have discovered a
population of millisecond-duration transient bursts called Fast Radio Bursts
(FRBs), which remain of unknown origin. FRBs exhibit dispersion consistent with
propagation through a cold plasma and dispersion measures indicative of an
origin at cosmological distances. In this paper we perform Monte Carlo
simulations of a cosmological population of FRBs, based on assumptions
consistent with observations of their energy distribution, their spatial
density as a function of redshift and the properties of the interstellar and
intergalactic media. We examine whether the dispersion measures, fluences,
inferred redshifts, signal-to-noises and effective widths of known FRBs are
consistent with a cosmological population. Statistical analyses indicate that
at least 50 events at Parkes are required to distinguish between a constant
co-moving FRB density, and a FRB density that evolves with redshift like the
cosmological star formation rate density.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 3 table
Relativistic spin precession in the binary PSR J11416545
PSR J11416545 is a precessing binary pulsar that has the rare potential to
reveal the two-dimensional structure of a non-recycled pulsar emission cone. It
has undergone of relativistic spin precession in the
years since its discovery. In this paper, we present a detailed Bayesian
analysis of the precessional evolution of the width of the total intensity
profile, to understand the changes to the line-of-sight impact angle ()
of the pulsar using four different physically motivated prior distribution
models. Although we cannot statistically differentiate between the models with
confidence, the temporal evolution of the linear and circular polarisations
strongly argue that our line-of-sight crossed the magnetic pole around MJD
54000 and that only two models remain viable. For both these models, it appears
likely that the pulsar will precess out of our line-of-sight in the next
years, assuming a simple beam geometry. Marginalising over suggests
that the pulsar is a near-orthogonal rotator and provides the first
polarization-independent estimate of the scale factor () that
relates the pulsar beam opening angle () to its rotational period ()
as : we find it to be at 1.4
GHz with 99\% confidence. If all pulsars emit from opposite poles of a dipolar
magnetic field with comparable brightness, we might expect to see evidence of
an interpulse arising in PSR J11416545, unless the emission is patchy.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letter
M Dwarfs from Hubble Space Telescope Star Counts. IV
We study a sample of about 1400 disk M dwarfs that are found in 148 fields
observed with the Wide Field Camera 2 (WFC2) on the Hubble Space Telescope and
162 fields observed with pre-repair Planetary Camera 1 (PC1), of which 95 of
the WFC2 fields are newly analyzed. The method of maximum likelihood is applied
to derive the luminosity function and the Galactic disk parameters. At first,
we use a local color-magnitude relation and a locally determined
mass-luminosity relation in our analysis. The results are consistent with those
of previous work but with considerably reduced statistical errors. These small
statistical errors motivate us to investigate the systematic uncertainties.
Considering the metallicity gradient above the Galactic plane, we introduce a
modified color-magnitude relation that is a function of Galactic height. The
resultant M dwarf luminosity function has a shape similar to that derived using
the local color-magnitude relation but with a higher peak value. The peak
occurs at and the luminosity function drops sharply toward . We then apply a height-dependent mass-luminosity function
interpolated from theoretical models with different metallicities to calculate
the mass function. Unlike the mass function obtained using local relations,
which has a power-law index , the one derived from the
height-dependent relations tends to be flat (). The resultant
local surface density of disk M dwarfs (12.2 +/- 1.6 M_sun pc^{-2}) is somewhat
smaller than the one obtained using local relations (14.3 +/- 1.3 M_sun
pc^{-2}). Our measurement favors a short disk scale length, H = 2.75 +/- 0.16
(statistical) +/- 0.25 (systematic) kpc.Comment: 20 pages, 10 ps figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Preventing and responding to depression, self-harm, and suicide in older people living in long term care settings: a systematic review
Abstract
Objective: The well documented demographic shift to an aging population means that more people will in future be in need of long term residential care. Previous research has reported an increased risk of mental health issues and suicidal ideation among older people living in residential care settings. However, there is little information on the actual prevalence of depression, self-harm, and suicidal behavior in this population, how it is measured and how care homes respond to these issues. Method: This systematic review of international literature addressed three research questions relating to; the prevalence of mental health problems in this population; how they are identified and; how care homes try to prevent or respond to mental health issues. Results: Findings showed higher reported rates of depression and suicidal behavior in care home residents compared to matched age groups in the community, variation in the use of standardised measures across studies and, interventions almost exclusively focused on increasing staff knowledge about mental health but with an absence of involvement of older people themselves in these programmes. Conclusion: We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of addressing mental health difficulties experienced by older people in residential care and future research in this area
- …