Housing Costs and Employment

Completed in June of 2008, the Housing Costs and Employment Survey report examined the relationship between employment in the city of Morris, MN and the cost of housing in the city and in the villages nearby.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/cst/1011/thumbnail.jp

The Four Townships Area Economic, Housing, and Development Survey

Statistics Professor Engin Sungur and student researcher Reid Ronnander collected all publicly available data relating to the four townships region and developed a comprehensive report. Phase two of the project included the development, implementation and analysis of a survey that measured the economic and demographic information, as well as development opinions of the region. This information also led to the development of a seasonal and permanent resident profile to help better explain the similarities and differences between the two types of populations. Lastly, property tax information was gathered to assess how much the two types of residents were paying in taxes.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/cst/1065/thumbnail.jp

Student Housing Choices in the Morris Community

This report discusses the results of a housing survey conducted by the Center for Small towns in April of 2006 that addressed what factors determine the student demand for off-campus vs. on-campus housing, and also includes a discussion of historical data in addition to the results of the survey.https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/cst/1010/thumbnail.jp

MBE grown GaAsBi/GaAs multiple quantum well structures: Structural and optical characterization

A series of GaAsBi/GaAs multiple quantum well p–i–n diodes were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Nomarski images showed evidence of sub-surface damage in each diode, with an increase in the cross-hatching associated with strain relaxation for the diodes containing more than 40 quantum wells. X-ray diffraction ω–2θ scans of the (004) reflections showed that multiple quantum well regions with clearly defined well periodicities were grown. The superlattice peaks of the diodes containing more than 40 wells were much broader than those of the other diodes. The photoluminescence spectra showed a redshift of 56 meV and an attenuation of nearly two orders of magnitude for the 54 and 63 well diodes. Calculations of the quantum confinement and strain induced band gap modifications suggest that the wells in all diodes are thinner than their intended widths and that both loss of quantum confinement and strain probably contributed to the observed redshift and attenuation in the 54 and 63 well diodes. Comparison of this data with that gathered for InGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells, suggests that the onset of relaxation occurs at a similar average strain–thickness product for both systems. Given the rapid band gap reduction of GaAsBi with Bi incorporation, this data suggests that GaAsBi is a promising photovoltaic material candidate

Session C8: Downstream Migration of Fishes at Large Hydropower Facilities: Fish Behavior and Guiding Efficiency for Angled Bar Racks and Louvers

Abstract: In Switzerland hydropower production contributes roughly 60% to the electricity supply. However for the protection of fishes almost no downstream migration facilities yet exist. Until 2030 all hydropower facilities have to provide a safe downstream migration corridor for fishes. In Europe some technological solutions exist to enable downstream migration at small hydropower plants, but no analogous solutions exist for larger hydropower facilities. Guidance efficiency of five fish species (barbel, spirling, brown trout, eel and grayling) was tested in a laboratory flume with modified bar racks and louvers angled at 30 and 15 degree to the approaching flow (0.3-0.9 m/s). The bar spacings were 5 and 11 cm. The test fishes were collected from wild river populations using electrofishing techniques. A total of 34 different configurations were evaluated. For selected experiments we additionally used a bottom overlay in order to increase the guiding efficiency. All the experiments were documented with video recordings. A detailed analysis of the flow is presented by the companion paper by Albayrak et al. (2015). The main angle of the guiding array (15 or 30 degree) did not have a significant effect on the guidance efficiency. Apart from the spirlin the increase in flow velocity did not affect the successful bypass passage. The guidance efficiency was • higher for bar racks and louvers with clear spacings of 5 cm, compared to 11 cm • higher for bar racks than for louvers (tested with barbel and spirlin) • considerably higher with a bottom overlay, notably for grayling. Our studies showed that angled bar racks have a striking potential for diverting European fish species away from turbine intakes. However additional lab and field studies (at a pilot hydropower plant) are needed and more fish species have to be tested

Direct observation of the quantum fluctuation driven amplitude mode in a microcavity polariton condensate

The Higgs amplitude mode is a collective excitation studied and observed in a broad class of matter, including superconductors, charge density waves, antiferromagnets, He3 p-wave superfluid, and ultracold atomic condensates. In all the observations reported thus far, the amplitude mode was excited by perturbing the condensate out of equilibrium. Studying an exciton-polariton condensate, here, we report the observation of this amplitude mode purely driven by intrinsic quantum fluctuations without such perturbations. By using an ultrahigh quality microcavity and a Raman spectrometer to maximally reject photoluminescence (PL) from the condensate, we observe weak but distinct PL at energies below the condensate emission. We identify this as the so-called ghost branches of the amplitude mode arising from quantum depletion of the condensate into this mode. These energies, as well as the overall structure of the PL spectra, are in good agreement with our theoretical analysis.</p

Direct observation of the quantum fluctuation driven amplitude mode in a microcavity polariton condensate

The Higgs amplitude mode is a collective excitation studied and observed in a broad class of matter, including superconductors, charge density waves, antiferromagnets, He3 p-wave superfluid, and ultracold atomic condensates. In all the observations reported thus far, the amplitude mode was excited by perturbing the condensate out of equilibrium. Studying an exciton-polariton condensate, here, we report the observation of this amplitude mode purely driven by intrinsic quantum fluctuations without such perturbations. By using an ultrahigh quality microcavity and a Raman spectrometer to maximally reject photoluminescence (PL) from the condensate, we observe weak but distinct PL at energies below the condensate emission. We identify this as the so-called ghost branches of the amplitude mode arising from quantum depletion of the condensate into this mode. These energies, as well as the overall structure of the PL spectra, are in good agreement with our theoretical analysis.</p