Sprachmittlung im Fremdsprachenunterricht : Akten des GMF-Sprachentages, Aachen 2013

Der vorliegende Band versammelt die wesentlichen Beiträge des Aachener Fremdsprachentages 2013 des Gesamtverbandes Moderne Fremdsprachen/Nordrhein. Im Fokus steht die ‘Sprachmittlung‘. Die Artikel gehen die Thematik aus verschiedenen Perspektiven an. Den Adressaten des GMF-Tages entsprechend tun sie dies für verschiedene Fremdsprachen: Englisch, Französisch, Italienisch und Spanisch. Der Bogen ist auch inhaltlich weit gespannt: von schulischen Erfahrungen mit dem Sprachmitteln in internationalen Begegnungssituationen bis hin zur Erarbeitung von Ressourcen für europäische common grounds im Literaturunterricht, die interkulturelles Verstehen und das Sprachmitteln erleichtern. Auch die Erarbeitung von Strategien der Sprachmittlung wird erfahrungsbasiert aufgezeigt. Die Herausgeber der GiF:on-Reihe wünschen den Lesern eine ansprechende Lektüre

Human iPSC-Derived Cerebral Organoids Model Cellular Features of Lissencephaly and Reveal Prolonged Mitosis of Outer Radial Glia

Classical lissencephaly is a genetic neurological disorder associated with mental retardation and intractable epilepsy, and Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) is the most severe form of the disease. In this study, to investigate the effects of MDS on human progenitor subtypes that control neuronal output and influence brain topology, we analyzed cerebral organoids derived from control and MDS-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using time-lapse imaging, immunostaining, and single-cell RNA sequencing. We saw a cell migration defect that was rescued when we corrected the MDS causative chromosomal deletion and severe apoptosis of the founder neuroepithelial stem cells, accompanied by increased horizontal cell divisions. We also identified a mitotic defect in outer radial glia, a progenitor subtype that is largely absent from lissencephalic rodents but critical for human neocortical expansion. Our study, therefore, deepens our understanding of MDS cellular pathogenesis and highlights the broad utility of cerebral organoids for modeling human neurodevelopmental disorders

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum