Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of high-medieval lead–silver smelting slags from Wiesloch near Heidelberg (Germany)—an approach to process reconstruction

Here, we present detailed electron microprobe analyses and age data of high-medieval lead–silver smelting slags. The mineral composition data provide a database of all silicate and oxide phases in the slag. Bulk chemistry as well as mineral composition is used to reconstruct liquidus, solidus, and viscosity of the slag melt. By calculating the mass balance of the smelting process, a mass ratio of the various compounds used in the smelting process is determined. Through this we were able to discriminate qualitatively between non-ferrous metal smelting slags and bloomery slags. We also report a new type and process of silver production in which argentiferous galmei (zinc carbonate) was used as a main silver ore together with galena. The results indicate a sophisticated high-medieval smelting technology, in which a slag with a low liquidus and a low viscosity was created

Incorporating Multi-Modal Travel Planning into an Agent-Based Model : A Case Study at the Train Station Kellinghusenstraße in Hamburg

This dataset comprises a multi-layer, multi-aspects collection of open data covering the Kellinghusenstraße switch-point in Hamburg, Germany, together with an agent-based simulation model based on the MARS framework (www.mars-group.org). Both parts of this dataset, i.e., the data layers or the model, can be utilized separately or combined under the GNU AGPLv3 license. The MARS Box concept has been invented to support the usage of OpenData and agent-based simulation in education, research, and transfer. Please refer to: Lenfers, U.A., Ahmady-Moghaddam, N., Glake, D., Ocker, F., Ströbele, J., Clemen, T., 2021. Incorporating Multi-Modal Travel Planning into an Agent-Based Model: A Case Study at the Train Station Kellinghusenstraße in Hamburg. Land 10, 1179. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/11/1179 for more details.Behörde für Wissenschaft, Forschung, Gleichstellung und Bezirke

Incorporating multi-modal travel planning into an agent-based model : a case study at the train station kellinghusenstraße in hamburg

Models can provide valuable decision support in the ongoing effort to create a sustainable and effective modality mix in urban settings. Modern transportation infrastructures must meaningfully combine public transport with other mobility initiatives such as shared and on-demand systems. The increase of options and possibilities in multi-modal travel implies an increase in complexity when planning and implementing such an infrastructure. Multi-agent systems are well-suited for addressing questions that require an understanding of movement patterns and decision processes at the individual level. Such models should feature intelligent software agents with flexible internal logic and accurately represent the core functionalities of new modalities. We present a model in which agents can choose between owned modalities, station-based bike sharing modalities, and free-floating car sharing modalities as they exit the public transportation system and seek to finish their personal multi-modal trip. Agents move on a multi-modal road network where dynamic constraints in route planning are evaluated based on an agent’s query. Modality switch points (MSPs) along the route indicate the locations at which an agent can switch from one modality to the next (e.g., a bike rental station to return a used rental bike and continue on foot). The technical implementation of MSPs within the road network was a central focus in this work. To test their efficacy in a controlled experimental setting, agents optimized only the travel time of their multi-modal routes. However, the functionalities of the model enable the implementation of different optimization criteria (e.g., financial considerations or climate neutrality) and unique agent preferences as well. Our findings show that the implemented MSPs enable agents to switch between modalities at any time, allowing for the kind of versatile, individual, and spontaneous travel that is common in modern multi-modal settings

The Remarkably Robust, Photoactive Tungsten Iodide Cluster [W6I12(NCC6H5)2]

The new heteroleptic tungsten iodide cluster compound [W6I12(NCC6H5)(2)] is presented. The synthesis is carried-out from Cs2W6I14 and ZnI2 under solvothermal conditions in benzonitrile solution, yielding red cube-shaped crystals. [W6I12(NCC6H5)(2)] represents a heteroleptic [W6I8]-type cluster bearing four apical iodides and two benzonitrile ligands. Molecular [W6I12(NCC6H5)(2)] clusters form a robust hydrogen bridged crystal structure with high thermal stability and high resistibility against hydrolysis. The electronic structure is analyzed by quantum chemical methods of the calculated electron localization function (ELF) and the band structure. Photoluminescence measurements are performed to verify and describe the photophysical properties of [W6I12(NCC6H5)(2)]. Finally, the photocatalytic properties of [W6I12(NCC6H5)(2)] are evaluated as a proof-of-concept.ISSN:1434-1948ISSN:1099-068