Episódio depressivo maior entre universitários do sul do Brasil

INTRODUÇÃO: A depressão é a principal causa de incapacidade em todo o mundo, atingindo cada vez mais os jovens. Este estudo avalia a prevalência e fatores associados ao episódio depressivo maior em universitários, com ênfase na influência do meio acadêmico, área de estudo escolhida pelo universitário e ambiente onde ele está inserido. METODOLOGIA: Realizou-se um censo dos universitários ingressantes do primeiro semestre de 2017 em uma universidade do sul do Brasil. O desfecho episódio depressivo maior foi avaliado a partir do questionário Patient Health Questionnaire-9, considerado quando o indivíduo apresentava cinco ou mais sintomas depressivos por pelo menos uma semana. Sua prevalência foi estimada e os fatores associados foram examinados pela análise multivariável hierarquizada utilizando a regressão de Poisson com seleção para trás. RESULTADOS: Um total de 32% (intervalo de confiança de 95% 29,9–34,2) dos universitários apresentou episódio depressivo maior, e o problema foi mais frequente entre indivíduos do sexo feminino (razão de prevalências [RP] = 1,59), de 21 a 23 anos de idade (RP = 1,24), com histórico familiar de depressão (RP = 1,27), com orientação sexual de minorias (homossexuais, RP = 1,64, e bissexuais, RP = 1,69), que moravam com amigos ou colegas (RP = 1,36), estudantes da área das ciências sociais aplicadas e humanas (RP = 1,28) e de linguística, letras e artes (RP = 1,25). O pior desempenho acadêmico (RP = 2,61), o uso abusivo de álcool (RP = 1,25) e o consumo de drogas ilícitas (RP = 1,30) também estiveram positivamente associados ao episódio depressivo maior. CONCLUSÃO: Além dos aspectos individuais, familiares e comportamentais, semelhantes aos já descritos como fatores de risco para episódio depressivo maior na população em geral, aspectos acadêmicos também influenciam a ocorrência de depressão entre universitários. Considerando a alta prevalência de episódio depressivo maior e seu impacto negativo na saúde, são necessárias políticas públicas e institucionais que enfoquem a promoção da saúde e atenção à demanda de saúde mental dos estudantes.INTRODUCTION: Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world, and it has been increasingly affecting young people. This study evaluates the prevalence and factors associated with major depression in university students, with emphasis on the influence of the academic field, chosen study area and the environment they are inserted. METHODS: A census of students who entered the university in the first semester of 2017 was held at a university in Southern Brazil. The outcome of major depressive episode was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, considered when the individual had five or more depressive symptoms for at least one week. Its prevalence was estimated, and the associated factors were examined by the hierarchical multivariable analysis using the Poisson regression model. RESULTS: A total of 32% (95% confidence interval 29.9–34.2) of university students presented a major depressive episode, and the problem was more frequent among women (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.59); people aged 21 to 23 years (PR = 1.24); those with a family history of depression (PR = 1.27); minorities’ sexual orientation (homosexuals, PR = 1.64, and bisexuals, PR = 1.69); who lived with friends or colleagues (PR = 1.36); students in the area of applied social and human sciences (PR = 1.28), and linguistics, language and literature, and art (PR = 1.25). The worst academic performance (PR = 2.61), alcohol abuse (PR = 1.25), and illicit drug use (PR = 1.30) were also positively associated with major depressive episode. CONCLUSION: In addition to individual, family, and behavioral aspects, already described as risk factors for major depressive episodes in the general population, academic aspects also influence the occurrence of depression among university students. Considering the high prevalence of major depressive episode and its negative impact on health, public and institutional policies are necessary to focus on students’ mental health promotion and care

Consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras em um censo escolar de zona rural

To evaluate the frequency of inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables and associated variables in adolescents from primary education in a municipality in the south of Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in Barão do Triunfo, RS, Brazil, with adolescents from grades 5 to 8, from the municipal school system. Self-administered self-administered questionnaires were administered, one to the adolescents, the other to the parents, answered by interviews or taken by the students to be answered at home. The consumption of fruits and vegetables was evaluated through the frequency of consumption with cut-off point for regular consumption higher than five or more times in the week, being inadequate below this, and associated to the variables: socioeconomic level, parents' schooling and consumption of ultraprocessed foods. Results: Inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables was reported by 49.2%, 57.5% and 55.3% of adolescents respectively and the higher consumption of these was associated with higher consumption of ultraprocessed foods, especially salty snacks, cakes, sweet and stuffed cookies and was influenced by the socioeconomic level and schooling of the parents. Conclusions: Ingestion of fruits and vegetables by adolescents from the rural area of Barão do Triunfo, despite being relatively superior to the consumption found in non-rural populations, remains below the recommendations

Illicit drug use among students of a university in Southern Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To describe drug consumption and the co-occurrence use of more than one illegal drug as well as associated factors in freshmen at a public university in Southern Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with census of students entering undergraduate courses in 2017. A total of 1,788 university students answered questions about illicit drug use. For analysis, ordinal logistic regression was used. RESULTS: Marijuana was the most consumed drug (lifetime: 42.1%; 30-day use: 22.7%), followed by hallucinogens (lifetime: 13.1%, 30-day use: 2.8%). Rates for lifetime use of 0, 1 and 2 or more drugs were 56.2%, 23.3% and 20.4%, respectively, and were associated with men (OR = 2.2; 95%CI:1.4–3.5), being at least 23 years old (OR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.4–5.1), under 18 years old first experimentation with drugs (OR = 2.3; 95%CI: 1.3–3.9) and living with friends (OR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2–3.4). Rates for 30-day use of 0, 1 and 2 or more drugs were 76.8%; 18.1% and 5.1%, respectively, and were associated with being single, separated or widowed (OR = 3.2; 95%CI: 1.4–7.0), lower socioeconomic classes (OR = 0.3; 95%CI: 0.1–1.1; p = 0.001), under 18 years old first experimentation with drugs (OR = 1.8; 95%CI: 1.1–2.9) and living with friends (OR = 1.8 95%CI: 1.2–2.8). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that students are at greater risk of illicit drug-related health problems. Thus, a better understanding of this consumption should be pursued, as well as the development of a prevention plan

Major depressive episode in hospital workers during the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil

OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence and factors associated with major depressive episode (MDE), emphasizing occupational aspects, in workers of a public teaching hospital that is a reference for Covid-19 treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between October and December 2020, after the first peak of the pandemic, interviewing 1155 workers. The prevalence of MDE was estimated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) algorithm. Multivariate hierarchical analysis was conducted using Poisson regression to assess associated factors. RESULTS: MDE prevalence was 15.3% (95%CI: 13.3–17.5) and was higher among young, white and female workers, those with a family history of depression, resident professionals, nursing professionals, workers who were exposed to three or more situations of moral dilemma, and those who had to put off a physiological need until later. Having a risk factor for Covid-19, being a smoker and being physically inactive were also positively associated with MDE. CONCLUSIONS: The study points to the considerable prevalence of MDE among tertiary health care workers; reviewing work processes is essential to reduce occupational stress and minimize the effects of the pandemic on mental health, preventing those problems from becoming chronic

Uso concurrente de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas entre estudiantes universitarios de Brasil

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of co-occurrence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among students at a public university in a municipality in Southern Brazil, and to evaluate the factors associated with this practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with undergraduate students between November 2017 and July 2018, to whom a digital self-administered questionnaire was applied. The relationship between the dependent variables co-occurrence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use and co-occurrence of alcohol and illicit drug use was analyzed using binary logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the 1,824 university students, 92.0% consumed alcohol in their lifetime, 11.0% smoked, 43.9% used at least one illicit drug in their lifetime, and 23.3% used at least one illicit drug in the last 30 days. The rate of co-occurrence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use was 5.2%, and it was associated with belonging to the highest economic class (p = 0.0003), experimenting with drugs before the age of 18 (p = 0.0013), and attending an exact sciences or land/agricultural sciences program (p = 0.0386). The prevalence of co-occurrence of alcohol and illicit drug use was 13.6%, and it was associated with belonging to the highest economic class (p = 0.0000), male gender (p = 0.0323), depression (p = 0.0001), experimentation with alcohol before the age of 18 (p = 0.0000), attending a linguistics or arts and literature program (p = 0.0314) and living alone/with friends (p = 0.0000). Conclusion: The co-occurrence of alcohol and drug use was higher than the co-occurrence of use of the three substances, and factors such as experimenting with drugs before the age of 18 and being of higher economic status were associated with these patterns.Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia del uso concurrente de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas entre los estudiantes de una universidad pública de un municipio del Sur de Brasil así como evaluar los factores asociados con esa práctica. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con estudiantes de grado entre noviembre de 2017 y julio de 2018 a los cuales se les ha dado un cuestionario digital auto aplicado. La relación entre las variables dependientes uso concurrente de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilícitas y uso concurrente de alcohol y drogas ilícitas ha sido analizada por la regresión logística binaria con intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: De los 1.824 universitarios, el 92,0% ha consumido alcohol en la vida, el 11,0% fumaban, el 43,9% ha utilizado por lo menos una droga en la vida y el 23,3% por lo menos una en los últimos 30 días. El consumo concurrente de alcohol, tabaco y drogas ha sido del 5,2% y se ha asociado con la clase económica más alta (p=0,0003), la experiencia con la droga antes de los 18 años de edad (p=0,0013) y asistir a cursos de ciencias exactas y tierra/ciencias agrarias (p=0,0386). La prevalencia del uso concurrente de alcohol y drogas ha sido del 13,6% asociado con la clase económica más alta (p=0,0000), el género masculino (p=0,0323), la depresión (p=0,0001), la experiencia del alcohol antes de los 18 años de edad, asistir al curso de lingüística, letras y artes (p=0,0314) y vivir solo/con los amigos (p=0,0000). Conclusión: El consumo concurrente de alcohol y drogas ha sido más alto que el consumo concurrente de las tres sustancias; y factores como la experiencia con drogas antes de los 18 años de edad y ser de la clase económica más alta se han asociado