346 research outputs found
Labor Market Effects of Immigration: Evidence from Neighborhood Data
This paper combines individual-level data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) with economic and demographic postcode-level data from administrative records to analyze the effects of immigration on wages and unemployment probabilities of high- and low-skilled natives. Employing an instrumental variable strategy and utilizing the variation in the population share of foreigners across regions and time, we find no support for the hypothesis of adverse labor market effects of immigration.
Labor Market Effects of Immigration â Evidence from Neighborhood Data
This paper combines individual-level data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) with economic and demographic postcode-level data from administrative records to analyze the effects of immigration on wages and unemployment probabilities of high- and low-skilled natives. Employing an instrumental variable strategy and utilizing the variation in the population share of foreigners across regions and time, we find no support for the hypothesis of adverse labor market effects of immigration.International migration; effects of immigration
Is it safe to vaccinate children against varicella while they're in close contact with a pregnant woman?
All healthy children without evidence of immunity to varicella who are living in a household with a susceptible pregnant woman should be vaccinated (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion). The risk of transmission of vaccine virus to household contacts is very low (SOR: B, observational studies). Transmission is higher, but still rare, among contacts of immunocompromised vaccinees (SOR: B, observational studies). Varicella infection has not been reported in unborn babies of women who had contact with a recently vaccinated person
Looking our limitations in the eye: A call for more thorough and honest reporting of study limitations
The replication crisis and subsequent credibility revolution in psychology have highlighted many suboptimal research practices such as pâhacking, overgeneralizing, and a lack of transparency. These practices may have been employed reflexively but upon reflection, they are hard to defend. We suggest that current practices for reporting and discussing study limitations are another example of an area where there is much room for improvement. In this article, we call for more rigorous reporting of study limitations in social and personality psychology articles, and we offer advice for how to do this. We recommend that authors consider what the best argument is against their conclusions (which we call the âsteelâperson principleâ). We consider limitations as threats to construct, internal, external, and statistical conclusion validity (Shadish et al., 2002), and offer some examples for better practice reporting of common study limitations. Our advice has its own limitations â both our representation of current practices and our recommendations are largely based on our own metaresearch and opinions. Nevertheless, we hope that we can prompt researchers to write more deeply and clearly about the limitations of their research, and to hold each other to higher standards when reviewing each other's work
An evolving network model with community structure
Many social and biological networks consist of communitiesâgroups of nodes within which connections are dense, but between which connections are sparser. Recently, there has been considerable interest in designing algorithms for detecting community structures in real-world complex networks. In this paper, we propose an evolving network model which exhibits community structure. The network model is based on the inner-community preferential attachment and inter-community preferential attachment mechanisms. The degree distributions of this network model are analysed based on a mean-field method. Theoretical results and numerical simulations indicate that this network model has community structure and scale-free properties
The unique contributions of perceiver and target characteristics in person perception
This research was partially supported by a SSHRC Institutional Grant and SSHRC Insight Development Grant (430-2016-00094) to EH and postdoctoral research support from the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, University of Western Australia (CE110001021) and an Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant (DP170104602) to CS.Peer reviewedPostprin
Finding community structure in networks using the eigenvectors of matrices
We consider the problem of detecting communities or modules in networks,
groups of vertices with a higher-than-average density of edges connecting them.
Previous work indicates that a robust approach to this problem is the
maximization of the benefit function known as "modularity" over possible
divisions of a network. Here we show that this maximization process can be
written in terms of the eigenspectrum of a matrix we call the modularity
matrix, which plays a role in community detection similar to that played by the
graph Laplacian in graph partitioning calculations. This result leads us to a
number of possible algorithms for detecting community structure, as well as
several other results, including a spectral measure of bipartite structure in
networks and a new centrality measure that identifies those vertices that
occupy central positions within the communities to which they belong. The
algorithms and measures proposed are illustrated with applications to a variety
of real-world complex networks.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, minor corrections in this versio
Employing with conviction: The experiences of employers who actively recruit criminalised people
Atherton, P., & Buck, G. Employing with conviction: The experiences of employers who actively recruit criminalised people. Probation Journal, 68(2), pp. 186-205. Copyright © [2021] (Copyright Holder). Reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications.In England and Wales, criminal reoffending costs ÂŁ18 billion annually. Securing employment can support desistance from crime, but only 17% of ex-prisoners are employed a year after release. Understanding the motivations of employers who do recruit criminalised people therefore represents an important area of inquiry. This article draws upon qualitative interviews with twelve business leaders in England who proactively employ criminalised people. Findings reveal that inclusive recruitment can be (indirectly) encouraged by planning policies aimed to improve social and environmental well-being and that employers often work creatively to meet employeesâ additional needs, resulting in commercial benefits and (re)settlement opportunities
Comparing community structure identification
We compare recent approaches to community structure identification in terms
of sensitivity and computational cost. The recently proposed modularity measure
is revisited and the performance of the methods as applied to ad hoc networks
with known community structure, is compared. We find that the most accurate
methods tend to be more computationally expensive, and that both aspects need
to be considered when choosing a method for practical purposes. The work is
intended as an introduction as well as a proposal for a standard benchmark test
of community detection methods.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. v2: condensed, updated version as
appears in JSTA
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