Foamy Virus Biology and Its Application for Vector Development

Spuma- or foamy viruses (FV), endemic in most non-human primates, cats, cattle and horses, comprise a special type of retrovirus that has developed a replication strategy combining features of both retroviruses and hepadnaviruses. Unique features of FVs include an apparent apathogenicity in natural hosts as well as zoonotically infected humans, a reverse transcription of the packaged viral RNA genome late during viral replication resulting in an infectious DNA genome in released FV particles and a special particle release strategy depending capsid and glycoprotein coexpression and specific interaction between both components. In addition, particular features with respect to the integration profile into the host genomic DNA discriminate FV from orthoretroviruses. It appears that some inherent properties of FV vectors set them favorably apart from orthoretroviral vectors and ask for additional basic research on the viruses as well as on the application in Gene Therapy. This review will summarize the current knowledge of FV biology and the development as a gene transfer system

Cocina.Te Meal kits

Fil: Flügel, Axel E.. Universidad de San Andrés. Escuela de Administración y Negocios; Argentina.Barrios, Marcel

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the env gene and its flanking regions of the human spumaretrovirus reveals two novel genes

Recombinant clonesthat represent the 3' part ofthe genome of the human spumaretrovirus (foamy virus) were established from viral DNA and from DNA complementary to viral RNA. The recombinant clones were characterized by blot hybridizations and nucleotide sequence analysis. The deduced protein sequence of the clones at their 5' ends was found to be homologous to the 3' domain of retroviral reverse transcriptases. Downstream of a small intergerne pol-env region a long open reading frame of 985 amino acid residues was identified that according to its genomic location, size, glycosylation signals, and hydrophobicity protile closely resembles the lentiviral env genes. The spumaretroviral env gene is followed by two open reading frames, termed bel-l and bel-2 which are located between env and the long terminal repeat region. The long terminal repeat of 1259 nucleotides is preceded by a polypurine tract and contains the canonical signal sequences characteristic for transcriptional regulation of retroviruses. The provisional classitication of the spumaretrovirus subfamily is discussed

Herbert Marcuse: Vernunft und Revolution

Flügel-Martinsen O. Herbert Marcuse: Vernunft und Revolution. In: Honneth A, ed. Schlüsseltexte der Kritischen Theorie. Wiesbaden: VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss.; 2006: 331-333

Characterization of the env gene and of two novel coding regions of the human spumaretrovirus

Recombinant clones harboring retroviral DNA were established. The nucleotide sequence of the central and 3' region of the genome of the human spumaretrovirus was determined. The 5' end of the deduced protein sequence was homologaus to the endonuclease domain of retroviral reverse transcriptases. A small intergenic region is followed by a lang open reading frame of 985 aminoacid residues that according to its genomic location and structural features is a typical retroviral env gene. Surprisingly, the postenv region contains two open reading frames that encodes two novel retroviral genes, termed bel-l and bel-2. The 3' LTR is 963 nucleotides lang and contains the signal sequences characteristic for transcriptional regulation of retrovirus genomes

Molecular cloning of the genome of human spumaretrovirus

DNA ofhuman spumaretrovirus (HSRV) was cloned from both cDNA and from viral DNA into phage A and bacterial plasmid vectors. The recombinant plasm.ids harboring viral DNA were characterized by Southern blot hybridization and restriction mapping. Physical maps were constructed from cDNA and found to be colinear with the restriction maps obtained from viral DNA. The recombinant clones isolated contained viral DNA inserts which rangein size from 2.2 kb to 15.4 kb. The recombinant clones allowed to construct a physical map of the complete HSRV provirus of 12.2 kb

Der Ort der Regionalgeschichte in der neuzeitlichen Geschichte

Fluegel A. Der Ort der Regionalgeschichte in der neuzeitlichen Geschichte. In: Brakensiek S, Flügel A, Freitag W, von Friedeburg R, eds. Kultur und Staat in der Provinz. Perspektiven und Erträge der Regionalgeschichte. Studien zur Regionalgeschichte, 2. Bielefeld: Verl. f. Regionalgeschichte; 1992: 1-28

Die Einrichtung des Gnadenfonds. Wirtschaftspolitik und Wirtschaftsdenken in der Provinz Minden-Ravensberg am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts

Fluegel A. Die Einrichtung des Gnadenfonds. Wirtschaftspolitik und Wirtschaftsdenken in der Provinz Minden-Ravensberg am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. In: Brakensiek S, Flügel A, Freitag W, von Friedeburg R, eds. Kultur und Staat in der Provinz. Perspektiven und Erträge der Regionalgeschichte. Studien zur Regionalgeschichte, 2. Bielefeld: Verl. f. Regionalgeschichte; 1992: 165-188

Die Steuerreform in der Grafschaft Mark 1791. Ein Modell für die Stein-Hardenbergschen Reformen?

Gorißen S. Die Steuerreform in der Grafschaft Mark 1791. Ein Modell für die Stein-Hardenbergschen Reformen? In: Brakensiek S, Flügel A, Freitag W, eds. Kultur und Staat in der Provinz. Perspektiven und Erträge der Regionalgeschichte. Studien zur Regionalgeschichte, 2. Bielefeld: Verl. für Regionalgeschichte; 1992: 189-212