Patient awareness and symptoms from an incisional hernia

Incisional hernia is a common postoperative complication following open abdominal surgery with incidence varying between 3% and 20%.1 Approximately half of all incisional hernias are diagnosed within 1 year following surgery. In the United Kingdom alone, about 10,000 incisional hernia repairs are performed annually. Incisional hernia repairs are generally elective with emergency repair due to incarceration or strangulation constituting about 15% of repairs.1 Incisional hernia repair is not a low-risk operation and generally has relatively poor results due to chronic postoperative pain and high recurrence rates.2−3 Little has been published on patients' awareness of incisional hernia following open abdominal surgery. Moreover, there are very few publications on indications for incisional hernia repair and on the natural course of such hernias. The literature suggests that symptoms and complaints usually presented by patients include pain, discomfort, cosmetic complaints, skin problems, incarceration, strangulation, functional disability, and pulmonary dysfunction.4−6 The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients were aware that they had a hernia. In addition, we sought to determine symptoms for those who knew that they had an incisional hernia

Vapor deposited titanium dioxide thin films - Some properties as a function of crystalline phase

Vapor deposited titanium dioxide thin films - some properties as function of crystalline phas

Rethinking the English revolution of 1649

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cambridge University Press via https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X1600042XAbstractIt is generally assumed that the kingless Commonwealth established in 1649 was the unforeseen consequence of the regicide: an expedient taken hesitantly and nothing more than a stop-gap. ‘Republicanism’ was a minority position even among those who remained at Westminster during the dramatic events of 1648–9: the majority remained committed to monarchical forms of government. By reappraising the surviving evidence, this article proposes a radically different account of the genesis of the Commonwealth regime. Not only were preparations already underway in the weeks before Charles I's death that helped to pave the way for government without a king, but also the decision to abolish kingship after the regicide was itself taken relatively quickly, with no discernible signs of hesitation. Even if few who defended or served the Commonwealth were republican, this need not mean that the majority were attached to monarchy. Rather, many of those who supported the regime, drawing upon the experiences and ideas of 1640s parliamentarianism, claimed that the form of government was only ever of secondary importance in comparison to its substance. They did not think kingship was inherently unlawful, but they did not believe it was absolutely necessary either.</jats:p

Examining the Equivalence of Rater Groups in 360-Degree Feedback for Use in Leadership Development

This study assessed the seldom-considered aspect of measurement equivalence across the three most common rater groups in 360-degree feedback systems. The graded response model for polytomous items was used to assess differential functioning of items and tests and applied to an archival data set of 664 ratees to determine the equivalence of peer, subordinate, and supervisor ratings of four leadership competencies. The results indicate that the leadership competencies were invariant across the three rater groups. The results and conclusions produced are discussed with practical implications in mind

-Nibud’ Pronouns in Irrealis Infinitivals: Structure and Licensing

This paper uses the distribution of ni- and –nibud’-series of irrealis pronouns in Russian to explore the structure of irrealis infinitivals. Members of the ni-series are negative concord items licensed by sentential negation (the head of NegP, which dominates TP); they cannot be licensed long across a CP phase boundary (Brown (1999), Fitzgibbons (2010), among others). -Nibud’-items are licensed by certain items that have been argued in the literature to be in the CP domain at LF, such as, for example, question operators ((Cheng (1991), Chomsky (1995), Rizzi (1997), (1999), Sportiche (1995))) and imperative operators ((Han (2001), (Belletti (1999), Schwager (2005), Zanuttini (2008)). This paper draws the following conclusions from the near-complementary distribution of these two pronominal series in irrealis infinitivals,: Russian irrealis infinitivals can be generated as either CPs or as TPs, and the irrealis infinitivals where–nibud’-items are licensed are CPs. -nibud’-items that are licensed in the subject position of moč’ ‘can’ undergo A-movement out of the infinitival complement CP. It is not the matrix modal word that licenses the –nibud’-items in irrealis infinitival complements. The licenseris the irrealis C of the embedded infinitival

Reconstructing the Debates of the Protectorate Parliaments: The Pitfalls of J.T. Rutt’s Edition of ‘Thomas Burton’s’ Diary

This is the author accepted manuscript. It is currently under an indefinite embargo pending publication by Wiley

Implications of Hypertext Theory for the Reading, Organization, and Retrieval of Information

Hypertext, the creation of links within or among texts in a digital environment, is the basis on which documents are transmitted electronically. This paper explores implications of hypertext theory for how users read, seek, and understand information. Hypertext does not necessarily change reading cognition, but its nodal structure affects readers\u27 interactions with texts on a conceptual level. From a broader perspective, hypertext applications create and organize networks of literature that can be retrieved on a multiplicity of levels. Hypertext and its connecting properties allow 1) information seekers to accomplish their tasks in a digital environment, and 2) information professionals to fulfill long-held goals for organizing and disseminating information

Cadaveric Organ Donation And Consent: A Comparative Analysis Of The United States, Japan, Singapore, And China

Due to the remarkable advances in medical science, the overall success in organ transplantation has led to one major problem - a shortage of human organs for transplantation

The impact of the C average policy on the academic achievement and attendance of student-athletes at Stagg High School between 1981 and 1983

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the C average rule on student achievement at Stagg High School, Stockton, California. This study particularly addressed the issue of whether there were significant differences between athletes\u27 grade point averages (GPA) before implementation of the policy and after. In addition, the study included assessing differences in attendance patterns of the athletes. The 1981-82 school year was identified as the year prior to implementation of the C average-rule. The 1982-83 school year was considered the implementation year and, finally, the 1983-84 school year was identified as the year after the implementation of the C average rule.For an athlete to be included in this study, a grade point average must have been available for at least one of the three athletic seasons during the year preceding the implementation of the C average policy. In addition, each athlete must have participated in athletics subsequent to the 1981-82 year. Thus, each athlete was required to have GPA and attendance data for two particular points in time over the three years included in the study. The total number of male and female athletes for whom all analyses were done was five hundred sixty-two. These athletes represented the four major ethnic groups, Black, Asian, White and Hispanic. All data were organized to correspond with the fall, winter, and spring athletic seasons. Grade point averages were recorded from report cards and transcripts. Attendance data were recorded from individual attendance sheets maintained at the school site. Ethnicity and gender were recorded based upon school emergency cards. Ten questions provided the focus of the study. Each of the ten questions to be answered asked for a comparison between GPA or attendance prior to implementation of the C average rule and subsequent to it. Means for the particular paired groups were obtained, and the t test for related measures was calculated. The .1 0 level was used to determine significance. While some significant differences were noted, usually favoring pre policy data, generally speaking, it appeared that the policy had no direct impact upon either grade point averages or attendance rates. The study was not done in a way to establish a cause and effect relationship, but from a practical perspective, it does not appear that either GPA or attendance was seriously affected. Recommendations for future studies are made including replication of this study now that California has implemented the C average rule statewide, as well as in a variety of other high school settings