618 research outputs found
On Deriving Nested Calculi for Intuitionistic Logics from Semantic Systems
This paper shows how to derive nested calculi from labelled calculi for propositional intuitionistic logic and first-order intuitionistic logic with constant domains, thus connecting the general results for labelled calculi with the more refined formalism of nested sequents. The extraction of nested calculi from labelled calculi obtains via considerations pertaining to the elimination of structural rules in labelled derivations. Each aspect of the extraction process is motivated and detailed, showing that each nested calculus inherits favorable proof-theoretic properties from its associated labelled calculus
Endurant Types in Ontology-Driven Conceptual Modeling: Towards OntoUML 2.0
For over a decade now, a community of researchers has contributed
to the development of the Unified Foundational Ontology (UFO)
- aimed at providing foundations for all major conceptual modeling constructs.
This ontology has led to the development of an Ontology-Driven
Conceptual Modeling language dubbed OntoUML, reflecting the ontological
micro-theories comprising UFO. Over the years, UFO and OntoUML
have been successfully employed in a number of academic, industrial and
governmental settings to create conceptual models in a variety of different
domains. These experiences have pointed out to opportunities of
improvement not only to the language itself but also to its underlying
theory. In this paper, we take the first step in that direction by revising
the theory of types in UFO in response to empirical evidence. The
new version of this theory shows that many of the meta-types present
in OntoUML (differentiating Kinds, Roles, Phases, Mixins, etc.) should
be considered not as restricted to Substantial types but instead should
be applied to model Endurant Types in general, including Relator types,
Quality types and Mode types. We also contribute a formal characterization
of this fragment of the theory, which is then used to advance a
metamodel for OntoUML 2.0. Finally, we propose a computational support
tool implementing this updated metamodel
Homeostatic pulmonary microenvironment is responsible for alveolar macrophages resistance to endotoxin tolerance
HIV-1 Tat exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release via TLR4 signaling in the enteric nervous system
The loss of gut epithelium integrity leads to translocation of microbes and microbial products resulting in immune activation and drives systemic inflammation in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Although viral loads in HIV patients are significantly reduced in the post-cART era, inflammation and immune activation persist and can lead to morbidity. Here, we determined the interactive effects of the viral protein HIV-1 Tat and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on enteric neurons and glia. Bacterial translocation was significantly enhanced in Tat-expressing (Tat+) mice. Exposure to HIV-1 Tat in combination with LPS enhanced the expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1Ī² and TNF-Ī± in the ilea of Tat+ mice and by enteric glia. This coincided with enhanced NF-ĪŗB activation in enteric glia that was abrogated in glia from TLR4 knockout mice and by knockdown (siRNA) of MyD88 siRNA in wild type glia. The synergistic effects of Tat and LPS resulted in a reduced rate of colonic propulsion in Tat+ mice treated with LPS. These results show that HIV-1 Tat interacts with the TLR4 receptor to enhance the pro-inflammatory effects of LPS leading to gastrointestinal dysmotility and enhanced immune activation
Towards a Proof Theory of G\"odel Modal Logics
Analytic proof calculi are introduced for box and diamond fragments of basic
modal fuzzy logics that combine the Kripke semantics of modal logic K with the
many-valued semantics of G\"odel logic. The calculi are used to establish
completeness and complexity results for these fragments
Gd disilicide nanowires attached to Si(111) steps
Self-assembled electronic devices, such as quantum dots or switchable
molecules, need self-assembled nanowires as connections. We explore the growth
of conducting Gd disilicide nanowires at step arrays on Si(111). Atomically
smooth wires with large aspect ratios are formed at low coverage and high
growth rate (length >1 micron, width 10nm, height 0.6nm). They grow parallel to
the steps in the [-1 1 0 ] direction, which is consistent with a lattice match
of 0.8% with the a-axis of the hexagonal silicide, together with a large
mismatch in all other directions. This mechanism is similar to that observed
previously on Si(100). In contrast to Si(100), the wires are always attached to
step edges on Si(111) and can thus be grown selectively on regular step arrays.Comment: 3 pages including 4 figure
HIV-1 Tat causes cognitive deficits and selective loss of parvalbumin, somatostatin, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expressing hippocampal CA1 interneuron subpopulations
Memory deficits are characteristic of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and co-occur with hippocampal pathology. The HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat), a regulatory protein, plays a significant role in these events, but the cellular mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Within the hippocampus, diverse populations of interneurons form complex networks; even subtle disruptions can drastically alter synaptic output, resulting in behavioral dysfunction. We hypothesized that HIV-1 Tat would impair cognitive behavior and injure specific hippocampal interneuron subtypes. Male transgenic mice that inducibly expressed HIV-1 Tat (or non-expressing controls) were assessed for cognitive behavior or had hippocampal CA1 subregions evaluated via interneuron subpopulation markers. Tat exposure decreased spatial memory in a Barnes maze and mnemonic performance in a novel object recognition test. Tat reduced the percentage of neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) without neuropeptide Y immunoreactivity in the stratum pyramidale and the stratum radiatum, parvalbumin in the stratum pyramidale, and somatostatin in the stratum oriens, which are consistent with reductions in interneuron-specific interneuron type 3 (IS3), bistratified, and oriens-lacunosum-moleculare interneurons, respectively. The findings reveal that an interconnected ensemble of CA1 nNOS-expressing interneurons, the IS3 cells, as well as subpopulations of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons are preferentially vulnerable to HIV-1 Tat. Importantly, the susceptible interneurons form a microcircuit thought to be involved in feedback inhibition of CA1 pyramidal cells and gating of CA1 pyramidal cell inputs. The identification of vulnerable CA1 hippocampal interneurons may provide novel insight into the basic mechanisms underlying key functional and neurobehavioral deficits associated with HAND
Octahedral conversion of a-SiO2-host matrix by pulsed ion implantation
This is the abstract. The results of measurements of X-ray photoelectron
spectra (XPS) of a-SiO2-host material after pulsed implantation with [Mn+] and
[Co+, Mn+]-ions as well as DFT-calculations are presented. The low-energy shift
is found in XPS Si 2p and O 1s core-levels of single [Mn+] and dual [Co+, Mn+]
pulsed ion-implanted a-SiO2 (E = 30 keV, D = 2*10^17 cm^-2) with respect to
those of untreated a-SiO2.The similar changes are found in XPS Si 2p and O 1s
of stishovite compared to those of quartz. This means that the pulsed
ion-implantation induces the local high pressure effect which leads to an
appearance of SiO6-structural units in alpha-SiO2 host, forming
"stishovite-like" local atomic structure. This process can be described within
electronic bonding transition from the four-fold "quartz-like" to six-fold
"stishovite-like" high-pressure phase in SiO2 host-matrix. It is found that
such octahedral conversion depends on the fluence and starts with doses higher
than D = 3*10^16 cm^-2.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, accepted in phys. stat. solidi (b
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