Self-Medication Practice and Their Risk Factors among BScN 4 Years Students

Self-medication is the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the periodical or continued use of prescribed drugs for acute or chronic disease or symptoms. It’s going to include the use of herbs, the retention and Re-use of Medication without prescribed by doctors. Self-medication is widely practiced in both developed and developing countries. . Practice of getting self-medication was relatively high, because of easy access of drugs from public pharmacy and they also have knowledge about medicines. The study's overall objective was to identify the level of knowledge, attitude, and self-medication practices among undergraduate BScN 4 year student. This would be a descriptive cross sectional quantitative study .Quantitative cross sectional design used data to make statistical inference about nursing students of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding self-medication. Total, 250 BScN students were involved in this study. The data was collected using a validated questionnaire. Overall 53.6% BScN students often practice self-medications,while 46.4% students were not practice self-medications. In a study conducted in a private college of Nursing Lahore, it was found that self-medication is significantly higher in among BScN 4 year’s student nurses. We found that our respondent’s education has also impact on practice and attitude of self-medication. The awareness regarding self-medication among student is good about 60% populations have knowledge regarding medication benefits. As per the findings, 75.8% BScN students visited to a qualified medical practitioner. While 24.2% students were not visited to a qualified medical practitioner. 71.2% BScN students respond that the indications of self-medication Headache/ fever. Inappropriate self-medication can cause harm to the students and also whom they recommend as healthcare providers in the future. Therefore, there is a need to educate nursing students and make them more aware about adverse effects of self-medication. Keywords: Self-care, medical practitioner, nursing Students, Drugs, Self-medication, Knowledge DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/104-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

Self-Medication Practice and Their Risk Factors Among BScN 4 Years Students

Self-medication is the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the periodical or continued use of prescribed drugs for acute or chronic disease or symptoms. It’s going to include the use of herbs, the retention and Re-use of Medication without prescribed by doctors. Self-medication is widely practiced in both developed and developing countries. . Practice of getting self-medication was relatively high, because of easy access of drugs from public pharmacy and they also have knowledge about medicines. The study's overall objective was to identify the level of knowledge, attitude, and self-medication practices among undergraduate BScN 4 year student. This would be a descriptive cross sectional quantitative study .Quantitative cross sectional design used data to make statistical inference about nursing students of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding self-medication. Total, 250 BScN students were involved in this study. The data was collected using a validated questionnaire. Overall 53.6% BScN students often practice self-medications,while 46.4% students were not practice self-medications. In a study conducted in a private college of Nursing Lahore, it was found that self-medication is significantly higher in among BScN 4 year’s student nurses. We found that our respondent’s education has also impact on practice and attitude of self-medication. The awareness regarding self-medication among student is good about 60% populations have knowledge regarding medication benefits. As per the findings, 75.8% BScN students visited to a qualified medical practitioner. While 24.2% students were not visited to a qualified medical practitioner. 71.2% BScN students respond that the indications of self-medication Headache/ fever. Inappropriate self-medication can cause harm to the students and also whom they recommend as healthcare providers in the future. Therefore, there is a need to educate nursing students and make them more aware about adverse effects of self-medication. Keywords: Self-care, medical practitioner, nursing Students, Drugs, Self-medication, Knowledge DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/13-18-02 Publication date:October 31st 202

Antioxidative activity of clove (syzygium aromaticum) oil administration in Middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) Models of acute focal cerebral ischemia

Stroke is a multifactorial neurological deficit syndrome. Oxidative stress is the principal underlying pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke associated with neuronal damage and neuroinflammation

Lavandula stoechas linn: Scrutiny of phytoconstituents, ethno medicinal and pharmacological ramification action.

Lavandula stoechas linn (Ustukhuddus) act as a recovery mediator from earliest period. Famous Unani physicians “Jalinus” and “Desquredus” located numerous therapeutic potentials of the plant. They encouraged the use of this drug, especially in cerebral disorders. Lavandula stoechas Linn belongs to “Labiatae” family. This is an evergreen plant generally grows upto 30-100 cm in height. The leaves are 1-4 cm long, greyish and to mentose. This plant is crimson to purple in color grows in end of spring and the early summer season. The essential oils were separated by hydro distillation and then analyzed using GC and GCMS. Various researches on its impact on nervous system had been explored by researchers which can also additionally attribute to its bioactive compounds like; glycosides, steroids, phenols etc. Many medical researchers had been proved that Ustukhuddus is drastically beneficial in numerous neurological problems inclusive of anxiety, convulsions, cerebral ischemia, depression. The current review article provides detailed knowledge on the medicinal importance and therapeutic value of Ustukhuddus. The data was collected using various data basis such as Google Scholar, Pub med, Sci Hub

Hypertension Frequency, Risk Factors and Therapeutic Dimensions in Primitive and Urban Areas

More than a quarter of all clinical direness/crises were hypertensive emergencies (76 percent urgencies, 24 percent crises). Hypertensive urgencies are frequently associated with migraine (22%), epistaxis (17%), faintness, and motor coordination discord (10%), while hypertensive crises are frequently associated with chest pain (27%), dyspnea (22%), and neurological deficit (22%). (21percent ). This study employed a cross-sectional design to look for differences in hypertension patients and related risk factors among Pakistan's rural and urban populations. Adult respondents experience 12 percent, 30 percent, 10%, and 9 percent of related illnesses, while female patients reported 20 percent, 22 percent, 9 percent, 17 percent, 31 percent, and 13 percent for DM, Cardiovascular Disease, Renal Disease, The certain Previous Surgical intervention, Hormonal changes, and hypertension in pregnancy, respectively. True hypotheses are related to research. All medical professionals, particularly doctors, should inform their patients about these risk factors and assist them in adopting lifestyle adjustments

Misconceptions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, an Obstacle in the Light of Pandemic in Rural Community Lahore, Pakistan

Introduction: Instantly after declaring COVID-19 as a pandemic, many conspiracy theories sprouted through word of mouth and social media. Pakistan is vulnerable to such conspiracy narratives and has experienced failures of polio vaccination programs due to such claims. Recently, two well-known political figures raised voice against COVID-19 vaccines in Pakistan, stating that COVID-19 is a grand illusion by non-Muslims and a great agenda against Muslim countries. This theory is much discussed in the local community, supporting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The current crises created by the COVID-19 pandemic is impacting all dimensions of life. Vaccines have been developed to fight the pandemic and prevent the corona virus. Misperceptions about vaccines persist despite the evidence of vaccine safety. The study aims to identify the misconceptions of the general public of Malikpur community towards COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and also different conspiracy theories, acceptance, and preference for the COVID-19 vaccine. This study is conducted in Malikpur a rural Community Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out through an adaptive questionnaire on a representative random sample of 98 resident of above 18 years old from Malikpur community, Lahore Pakistan. The SPSS software was utilized for statistical data analysis. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Conclusion: This study revealed the existence of conspiracy beliefs regarding the COVID-19 vaccine spread by the social media and word of mouth in Malikpur Community Lahore, Pakistan. These beliefs are posing a major threat to the upcoming immunization program for the control of COVID-19 in Pakistan. We urge healthcare authorities in Pakistan to take measures against such claims before they penetrate to the general community. Anti-vaccine actions could undermine efforts to end the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe that ethical and responsible conduct of mass media, a careful advisory from the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority, measures from healthcare authorities, practical maneuvers to increase public awareness and publication of beliefs and opinions from health professionals will help in neutralizing such misleading claims. Because Pakistan is experiencing an overload of disease, with a rise in confirmed cases, immediate action is important to eradicate any possible barriers to a future COVID-19 vaccination program. Results: Many people of Malikpur Community has misconception regarding COVID-19 vaccine that is need to be eradicated as soon as possible otherwise pandemic will not end. Keywords: Pandemic, Corona Virus, Polio vaccination, Conspiracy theories, Vaccine, Health authorities, Regulatory authorities, Anti-vaccine, Covid-19, pandemic. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/102-05 Publication date:October 31st 202

Occupational Health Hazard among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore

Background: Occupational health is a neglected public health issue among healthcare workers in developing countries and they may expose them to various forms of hazards. Objectives: The study aims at exploring the forms of occupational health hazards among nurses in a tertiary care hospital, Lahore Methods: Total 151 staff nurses were enrolled for cross-sectional descriptive study to explore the occupational health hazard.  This study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital, Lahore for the duration of 02, 2021, to January 01, 2022. Only charge nurses working in medical and surgical units on permanent basis having experience more than six months were included. Results: The findings of this study showed that the mean age of the nurse was 25.87 ± 3.138 years (age range 21-32 year), the female nurse was  127(84.1%)while 24(15.9%) were male nurse. The participants faced occupational health hazards 51.8%, biological hazards73.5%, and physical hazards 59.2% and mechanical and psychology Hazards among Nurse 48.8% and 52.0% respectively. Conclusion:Occupational risks (biological hazards) are very common among the nurses in Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. To protect patients and medical staff, hospitals should implement preventative, infection control, and patient safety initiatives. Keywords: Occupational hazards;  Health workers;  Lahore General Hospital DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/104-05 Publication date: November 30th 202

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-Gracecum) supplementation on glycemic status, androgens, and lipid profile in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) model

Introduction: PCOS the most common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged females is hallmarked by characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome and biological hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinism. Fenugreek seeds have proven to be beneficial in the treatment of PCOS because of their antiandrogenic and anti-hyperglycaemic effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of fenugreek seed in PCOS rats. Materials and method: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Group 1 served as a (control group, n=10) received saline (0.9%NaCl) while Group 2 (PCOS control group, n=30) received letrozole (1mg/kg) to induce PCOS. After 21 days, PCOS-induced rats were divided into two groups. One group was treated with the aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds and another group was treated with metformin (300mg/Kg) for 21 consecutive days while the control group continued to receive saline. At the end of the experiment ovaries were removed for histological examination and blood collected for the estimation of Insulin, Testosterone, and Lipid profile. Result: Compared with the control group, Letrozole administration in rats exhibited significant alterations in serum testosterone, insulin activity, glucose and Lipid profile (P<0.001). Acyclicity of the estrus cycle with cysts were also detected. In Fenugreek and metformin groups restoration of normal ovarian stroma, normalization of estrous cycle with reduced levels of testosterone (P<0.001), insulin (P<0.001), glucose (P<0.001), and cholesterol (P<0.0001) were observed. Discussion: These findings suggest that aqueous extract of fenugreek showed better amelioration in the regulation of impaired insulin resistance, hyperandrogenaemia, and ovarian dysfunction in PCOS

سلمیٰ اعوان کی ناول نگاری اور سیاسی شعور (ایک مختصر تجزیاتی مطالعہ)

The tradition of political novel writing in Urdu has become an important subject for research. Political movement have always inspired the filed of literature especially in novel writing. Many of the female novelists have shown and proved their political prudence in their novels. Salma Awan is one of the maestro of this field. She is multi-dimenstional and versetile writer her travellogues, novels, short stories, literary columns, analytical writing stand out in Urdu literature. Her contribution has largely been recorded, evaluated and appreciated. A novel "Tanha" by Salma Awan is such a heart wrenching story, she has narrated all such events and incidents of the seperation of East Pakistan, suffering of the people, their social and family relations, economic status, psychological state and the moral decline of the society. This article traces and analysis the Salma Awan's novel writing and her political wisdom show in their work. </p

Formal Specification and Design of E-Learning IMS

The purpose of this research study is to look at, how the utilization of planning techniques / strategies having the most important impacts on any project /organization’s success and imaginative problem?solving. In particular Project Planning Techniques, three most important arranging basic strategies including, Gantt graphs, case?based arranging and basic way investigation, were studied &amp;analyzed. As this study is an empirical in nature which purposes to highlight the project standards used to examine the accomplishment of projects and the project planning techniques being practically applicable. It is quantitative research study and questionnaires were asked to access the variables and associate with the existing literature. Project Success criteria were graded which were found to be dissimilar in this field as compare to others. It also presented the knowledge and usage of project planning techniques for categorizing the room of improvement as for as the Project Success is concerned, where some professional trainings are required for the project team members. The role of Effective Project Governance is also very vital for project success as well. The main focus and targeted area is the construction industry of Pakistan