Quantitative Relationships Between Structure and Activity of Gamma-Carboline Derivative Compounds as Anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Using Semi-Empirical AM1 Method

This research aims to study the quantitative structure and activity relationship (QSAR) of gamma-carboline derivative compounds as anti-BVDV agents to get an equation that can predict the value of the anti-BVDV activity of gamma-carboline derived compounds. The research material is experimental EC50 data that convert to anti-BVDB activity. 14 gamma-carboline derivative compounds are divided into 2 groups, namely, 11 fitting compounds and 3 test compounds. QSAR analysis is based on multilinear regression calculations of the fitting compound by plotting the EC50 log as the dependent variable and the descriptor as the independent variable. The used descriptors are atomic net charge (q) and dipole moment (µ), which are involved in calculations using the AM1 semiempirical quantum mechanics method. In addition, the partition coefficient of n-octanol/water (Log P), molecular polarizability (α), molecular weight (BM), Van Der Waals surface area (A vdw), Van Der Waals volume (V vdw), and index of refraction (RD) are obtained from QSAR properties. The resulting QSAR equation is: Log pEC50 = -48.670 – 124.801 (qC11) – 12.661 (α) – 0.918 (µ) – 0.876 (RD) – 0.999 (Log P) + 1.863 (BM) + 0.043 (V vdw) with n = 14; r = 0.937; r2 = 0.878; SD = 0.244; Fcount/Ftable = 1.466; PRESS = 0.749; Sig. = 0.02 This equation can be used as an initial guide for designing the structure of new compounds of the gamma-carboline class by considering some of the most influential descriptors. Consequentially, new compounds can be designed that have a smaller predicted EC50 value than the known compounds derived from gamma-carboline

Quantitative Relationships Between Structure and Activity of Gamma-Carboline Derivative Compounds as Anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Using Semi-Empirical AM1 Method

This research aims to study the quantitative structure and activity relationship (QSAR) of gamma-carboline derivative compounds as anti-BVDV agents to get an equation that can predict the value of the anti-BVDV activity of gamma-carboline derived compounds. The research material is experimental EC50 data that convert to anti-BVDB activity. 14 gamma-carboline derivative compounds are divided into 2 groups, namely, 11 fitting compounds and 3 test compounds. QSAR analysis is based on multilinear regression calculations of the fitting compound by plotting the EC50 log as the dependent variable and the descriptor as the independent variable. The used descriptors are atomic net charge (q) and dipole moment (µ), which are involved in calculations using the AM1 semiempirical quantum mechanics method. In addition, the partition coefficient of n-octanol/water (Log P), molecular polarizability (α), molecular weight (BM), Van Der Waals surface area (A vdw), Van Der Waals volume (V vdw), and index of refraction (RD) are obtained from QSAR properties. The resulting QSAR equation is: Log pEC50 = -48.670 – 124.801 (qC11) – 12.661 (α) – 0.918 (µ) – 0.876 (RD) – 0.999 (Log P) + 1.863 (BM) + 0.043 (V vdw) with n = 14; r = 0.937; r2 = 0.878; SD = 0.244; Fcount/Ftable = 1.466; PRESS = 0.749; Sig. = 0.02 This equation can be used as an initial guide for designing the structure of new compounds of the gamma-carboline class by considering some of the most influential descriptors. Consequentially, new compounds can be designed that have a smaller predicted EC50 value than the known compounds derived from gamma-carboline

The Identification of Electrolyte Property of Humus-Contained Andosol Soil Using Cu-Zn Electrodes

This study investigated the electrolyte property of humus-contained andosol soil using Volta cell. The electrodes that are used were Cu and Zn for cathode and anode, respectively. This research was done by varying electrode area and distance between Cu and Zn electrodes. The varied electrode area was 20, 30, and 40 cm2, whereas the electrode distance was 3, 4, and 5 cm. Then, the current and voltage profiles of Volta cell system were measured using a digital multimeter. The result showed that humus-contained andosol soil has an electrolyte property. Electrolyte property of andosol soil might be due to the humus substance that has a high cationic-exchange capacity. Besides, it showed that the increase of the electrode area, the current and voltage were increased gradually. In contrast, the increase in current and voltage could be found by the decrease of electrode distance. In addition, the use of 24-Volta cells system enhancing current and voltage compared to a single cell. It suggests that the increase of current and voltage was relatively proportional to the number of Volta cell. Therefore, this research can be a reference for the identification of electrolyte property of natural or waste materials

The Identification of Electrolyte Property of Humus-Contained Andosol Soil Using Cu-Zn Electrodes

This study investigated the electrolyte property of humus-contained andosol soil using Volta cell. The electrodes that are used were Cu and Zn for cathode and anode, respectively. This research was done by varying electrode area and distance between Cu and Zn electrodes. The varied electrode area was 20, 30, and 40 cm2, whereas the electrode distance was 3, 4, and 5 cm. Then, the current and voltage profiles of Volta cell system were measured using a digital multimeter. The result showed that humus-contained andosol soil has an electrolyte property. Electrolyte property of andosol soil might be due to the humus substance that has a high cationic-exchange capacity. Besides, it showed that the increase of the electrode area, the current and voltage were increased gradually. In contrast, the increase in current and voltage could be found by the decrease of electrode distance. In addition, the use of 24-Volta cells system enhancing current and voltage compared to a single cell. It suggests that the increase of current and voltage was relatively proportional to the number of Volta cell. Therefore, this research can be a reference for the identification of electrolyte property of natural or waste materials

Synthesis of Cellulose Acetate-Polystyrene Membrane Composites from Pineapple Peel Wastes for Methylene Blue Removal

The cellulose acetate-polystyrene or CA-PS composite membrane from pineapple peel waste for methylene blue removal has been conducted. The steps were nata de pina preparation, cellulose acetylation process, preparation, and characterization of CA-PS composite membrane. The CA-PS composite membrane was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile and strain examination, respectively. The as-synthesized CA-PS composite membrane has the characteristic of rejection ability was about 29.96% with the pore size, membrane modulus, stress and strain were 1.9 μm, 12.48 MPa, 31.91 MPa, and 2.55, respectively. In this research, CA-PS composite membrane from pineapple peel waste was successfully removed the methylene blue dye even needs improvement to enhance its capability in rejection efficiency as same as membrane characteristics.  

The Study of Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus L.) Waste Based-Electrolyte Medium: A Simple Experiment Design for the Students

To promote the student curiosity and understanding in the electrolyte medium was carried out using home-made Volta cell. The electrode materials were iron and carbon for anode (-) and cathode (+), respectively. The experiment was designed by two models that were single-chamber (SC) and three series-packed chambers (3-SCs), respectively. Electrolyte properties could be investigated in pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.)-based electrolyte medium during the operating time of 8 hours, respectively. The measured-voltage of 2.63 and 2.60 of the 3-SCs system could turn on the LED lamp. However, in this study, the decrease of voltage and current were due to the oxidation process of the pineapple peel-based medium under air, room temperature, and normal pressure during the long-operating time of the experiment. Finally, this research expected to provide additional valuable experience and knowledge as same as to facilitate in information delivering to the students in understanding the electrolyte medium from the waste or natural sources

The Study of Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus L.) Waste Based-Electrolyte Medium: A Simple Experiment Design for the Students

To promote the student curiosity and understanding in the electrolyte medium was carried out using home-made Volta cell. The electrode materials were iron and carbon for anode (-) and cathode (+), respectively. The experiment was designed by two models that were single-chamber (SC) and three series-packed chambers (3-SCs), respectively. Electrolyte properties could be investigated in pineapple peel (Ananas comosus L.)-based electrolyte medium during the operating time of 8 hours, respectively. The measured-voltage of 2.63 and 2.60 of the 3-SCs system could turn on the LED lamp. However, in this study, the decrease of voltage and current were due to the oxidation process of the pineapple peel-based medium under air, room temperature, and normal pressure during the long-operating time of the experiment. Finally, this research expected to provide additional valuable experience and knowledge as same as to facilitate in information delivering to the students in understanding the electrolyte medium from the waste or natural sources