2,209 research outputs found
New Constraints on the Timing and Pattern of Deglaciation in the Húnaflói Bay Region of Northwest Iceland Using Cosmogenic 36CA Dating and Geomorphic Mapping
Understanding the evolution and timing of changes in ice sheet geometry and extent in Iceland during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation continues to stimulate much active research. Though many previous studies have advanced our knowledge of Icelandic ice sheet history preserved in marine and terrestrial settings (e.g., Andrews et al., 2000; Norðdahl et al., 2008), the timing of ice margin retreat remains largely unknown in several key regions. Recently published 36Cl surface exposure ages of bedrock surfaces and moraines in the West Fjords (Brynjólfsson et al., 2015) contribute important progress in establishing more precise age control of ice recession in northwest Iceland. In another recent study, the spatial pattern and style of deglaciation in northern Iceland have been revealed through geomorphic mapping and GIS analyses of glacial landforms (Principato et al., 2016). Additional insight comes from updated numerical modeling reconstructions, which now provide a series of glaciologically plausible Icelandic ice sheet configurations from the LGM through the last deglaciation (Patton et al., 2017). However, the optimization of ice sheet model simulations relies on critical comparisons with the available empirical record of glacial-geologic evidence and chronological control, which remains relatively limited and sparsely distributed throughout Iceland. Our investigation is motivated by the need for more accurate constraints on the deglacial history in northern Iceland, where dated terrestrial records of ice margin retreat are particularly scarce. (excerpt
Takayasu arteritis presenting as cerebral aneurysms in an 18 month old: A case report
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Central nervous system involvement occurs in as many as twenty percent of Takayasu arteritis cases. When central nervous system disease is present, it typically manifests as cerebral ischemia or stroke. There are rare reports of intracranial aneurysms in adults with Takayasu arteritis, but none in children.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe a case of Takayasu arteritis in an 18 month old girl who presented with a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Full body magnetic resonance angiography revealed bilateral iliac, pelvic and intragluteal aneurysms, irregular terminal aorta, and stenotic renal arteries. Iliac vessel biopsy showed a lymphocytic infiltrate and giant cells localized to the internal elastica.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This case highlights cerebral aneurysm as a highly unusual initial manifestation of Takayasu arteritis and demonstrates the challenges of diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of response to therapy in TA in children.</p
Structure of isobaric analog states in 91Nb populated by the 90Zr(a,t) reaction
Decay via proton emission of isobaric analog states (IAS's) in
was studied using the reaction at =180 MeV.
This study provides information about the damping mechanism of these states.
Decay to the ground state and low-lying phonon states in was
observed. The experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions
wherein the IAS `single-particle' proton escape widths are calculated in a
continuum RPA approach. The branching ratios for decay to the phonon states are
explained using a simple model.Comment: 3 figures. submitted to Phys. Lett.
Phase Transition in a Random Fragmentation Problem with Applications to Computer Science
We study a fragmentation problem where an initial object of size x is broken
into m random pieces provided x>x_0 where x_0 is an atomic cut-off.
Subsequently the fragmentation process continues for each of those daughter
pieces whose sizes are bigger than x_0. The process stops when all the
fragments have sizes smaller than x_0. We show that the fluctuation of the
total number of splitting events, characterized by the variance, generically
undergoes a nontrivial phase transition as one tunes the branching number m
through a critical value m=m_c. For m<m_c, the fluctuations are Gaussian where
as for m>m_c they are anomalously large and non-Gaussian. We apply this general
result to analyze two different search algorithms in computer science.Comment: 5 pages RevTeX, 3 figures (.eps
Understanding Search Trees via Statistical Physics
We study the random m-ary search tree model (where m stands for the number of
branches of a search tree), an important problem for data storage in computer
science, using a variety of statistical physics techniques that allow us to
obtain exact asymptotic results. In particular, we show that the probability
distributions of extreme observables associated with a random search tree such
as the height and the balanced height of a tree have a traveling front
structure. In addition, the variance of the number of nodes needed to store a
data string of a given size N is shown to undergo a striking phase transition
at a critical value of the branching ratio m_c=26. We identify the mechanism of
this phase transition, show that it is generic and occurs in various other
problems as well. New results are obtained when each element of the data string
is a D-dimensional vector. We show that this problem also has a phase
transition at a critical dimension, D_c= \pi/\sin^{-1}(1/\sqrt{8})=8.69363...Comment: 11 pages, 8 .eps figures included. Invited contribution to
STATPHYS-22 held at Bangalore (India) in July 2004. To appear in the
proceedings of STATPHYS-2
Crime in Maine 2014
Automata over infinite alphabets have recently come to be studied extensively
as potentially useful tools for solving problems in verification and database
theory. One popular model of automata studied is the Class Memory Automata
(CMA), for which the emptiness problem is equivalent to Petri Net Reachability.
We identify a restriction - which we call weakness - of CMA, and show that
their emptiness problem is equivalent to Petri Net Coverability. Further, we
show that in the deterministic case they are closed under all Boolean
operations. We clarify the connections between weak CMA and existing automata
over data languages. We also extend CMA to operate over multiple levels of
nested data values, and show that while these have undecidable emptiness in
general, adding the weakness constraint recovers decidability of emptiness, via
reduction to coverability in well-structured transition systems. We also
examine connections with existing automata over nested data.Comment: Preprint of LATA'15 pape
Tracing Noble Gas Radionuclides in the Environment
Trace analysis of radionuclides is an essential and versatile tool in modern
science and technology. Due to their ideal geophysical and geochemical
properties, long-lived noble gas radionuclides, in particular, 39Ar (t1/2 = 269
yr), 81Kr (t1/2 = 2.3x10^5 yr) and 85Kr (t1/2 = 10.8 yr), have long been
recognized to have a wide range of important applications in Earth sciences. In
recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of
practical analytical methods, and has led to applications of these isotopes in
the hydrosphere (tracing the flow of groundwater and ocean water). In this
article, we introduce the applications of these isotopes and review three
leading analytical methods: Low-Level Counting (LLC), Accelerator Mass
Spectrometry (AMS) and Atom Trap Trace Analysis (ATTA)
Homeomorphic Embedding for Online Termination of Symbolic Methods
Well-quasi orders in general, and homeomorphic embedding in particular, have gained popularity to ensure the termination of techniques for program analysis, specialisation, transformation, and verification. In this paper we survey and discuss this use of homeomorphic embedding and clarify the advantages of such an approach over one using well-founded orders. We also discuss various extensions of the homeomorphic embedding relation. We conclude with a study of homeomorphic embedding in the context of metaprogramming, presenting some new (positive and negative) results and open problems
Calogero-Moser models with noncommutative spin interactions
We construct integrable generalizations of the elliptic
Calogero-Sutherland-Moser model of particles with spin, involving
noncommutative spin interactions. The spin coupling potential is a modular
function and, generically, breaks the global spin symmetry of the model down to
a product of U(1) phase symmetries. Previously known models are recovered as
special cases.Comment: Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
On the families of orthogonal polynomials associated to the Razavy potential
We show that there are two different families of (weakly) orthogonal
polynomials associated to the quasi-exactly solvable Razavy potential V(x)=(\z
\cosh 2x-M)^2 (\z>0, ). One of these families encompasses the
four sets of orthogonal polynomials recently found by Khare and Mandal, while
the other one is new. These results are extended to the related periodic
potential U(x)=-(\z \cos 2x -M)^2, for which we also construct two different
families of weakly orthogonal polynomials. We prove that either of these two
families yields the ground state (when is odd) and the lowest lying gaps in
the energy spectrum of the latter periodic potential up to and including the
gap and having the same parity as . Moreover, we show
that the algebraic eigenfunctions obtained in this way are the well-known
finite solutions of the Whittaker--Hill (or Hill's three-term) periodic
differential equation. Thus, the foregoing results provide a Lie-algebraic
justification of the fact that the Whittaker--Hill equation (unlike, for
instance, Mathieu's equation) admits finite solutions.Comment: Typeset in LaTeX2e using amsmath, amssymb, epic, epsfig, float (24
pages, 1 figure
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